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IP subnet calculator

Type an address with its prefix or mask to see the network, its usable range and masks. Split it into smaller subnets, or look up any prefix in the reference tables.

Network12.192.0.0/11
Usable hosts2,097,150
Subnet mask255.224.0.0
Addresses2,097,152
Network address
12.192.0.0
Broadcast address
12.223.255.255
First usable
12.192.0.1
Last usable
12.223.255.254
Usable hosts
2,097,150 (2,097,152 less the network and broadcast addresses)
Subnet mask
255.224.0.0
Wildcard mask
0.31.255.255 (Cisco ACLs, OSPF)
Prefix length
/11
Type
Public public
Old class
A (default /8)
As numbers
Hex 0CC00000 · Integer 213909504 to 216006655
Reverse DNS zones
192.12.in-addr.arpa
193.12.in-addr.arpa
194.12.in-addr.arpa
195.12.in-addr.arpa
196.12.in-addr.arpa
197.12.in-addr.arpa
198.12.in-addr.arpa
199.12.in-addr.arpa
200.12.in-addr.arpa
201.12.in-addr.arpa
202.12.in-addr.arpa
203.12.in-addr.arpa
204.12.in-addr.arpa
205.12.in-addr.arpa
206.12.in-addr.arpa
207.12.in-addr.arpa
and 16 more
/11 is not on a 8-bit boundary, so it takes 32 /16 zones.
Binary
Binary view
Binary (network bits bold, host bits grey)Dotted
Address00001100.11000000.00000000.0000000012.192.0.0
Subnet mask11111111.11100000.00000000.00000000255.224.0.0
Network00001100.11000000.00000000.0000000012.192.0.0
Broadcast00001100.11011111.11111111.1111111112.223.255.255
Split into smaller subnets/17
/12 (2)/13 (4)/14 (8)/15 (16)/16 (32)/17 (64)/18 (128)/19 (256)/20 (512)/21 (1,024)/22 (2,048)/23 (4,096)

12.192.0.0/11 makes 64 subnets of /17.

Subnets
#SubnetUsable hosts rangeBroadcastHosts
112.192.0.0/1712.192.0.1 to 12.192.127.25412.192.127.25532,766
212.192.128.0/1712.192.128.1 to 12.192.255.25412.192.255.25532,766
312.193.0.0/1712.193.0.1 to 12.193.127.25412.193.127.25532,766
412.193.128.0/1712.193.128.1 to 12.193.255.25412.193.255.25532,766
512.194.0.0/1712.194.0.1 to 12.194.127.25412.194.127.25532,766
612.194.128.0/1712.194.128.1 to 12.194.255.25412.194.255.25532,766
712.195.0.0/1712.195.0.1 to 12.195.127.25412.195.127.25532,766
812.195.128.0/1712.195.128.1 to 12.195.255.25412.195.255.25532,766
912.196.0.0/1712.196.0.1 to 12.196.127.25412.196.127.25532,766
1012.196.128.0/1712.196.128.1 to 12.196.255.25412.196.255.25532,766
1112.197.0.0/1712.197.0.1 to 12.197.127.25412.197.127.25532,766
1212.197.128.0/1712.197.128.1 to 12.197.255.25412.197.255.25532,766
1312.198.0.0/1712.198.0.1 to 12.198.127.25412.198.127.25532,766
1412.198.128.0/1712.198.128.1 to 12.198.255.25412.198.255.25532,766
1512.199.0.0/1712.199.0.1 to 12.199.127.25412.199.127.25532,766
1612.199.128.0/1712.199.128.1 to 12.199.255.25412.199.255.25532,766
1712.200.0.0/1712.200.0.1 to 12.200.127.25412.200.127.25532,766
1812.200.128.0/1712.200.128.1 to 12.200.255.25412.200.255.25532,766
1912.201.0.0/1712.201.0.1 to 12.201.127.25412.201.127.25532,766
2012.201.128.0/1712.201.128.1 to 12.201.255.25412.201.255.25532,766
2112.202.0.0/1712.202.0.1 to 12.202.127.25412.202.127.25532,766
2212.202.128.0/1712.202.128.1 to 12.202.255.25412.202.255.25532,766
2312.203.0.0/1712.203.0.1 to 12.203.127.25412.203.127.25532,766
2412.203.128.0/1712.203.128.1 to 12.203.255.25412.203.255.25532,766
2512.204.0.0/1712.204.0.1 to 12.204.127.25412.204.127.25532,766
2612.204.128.0/1712.204.128.1 to 12.204.255.25412.204.255.25532,766
2712.205.0.0/1712.205.0.1 to 12.205.127.25412.205.127.25532,766
2812.205.128.0/1712.205.128.1 to 12.205.255.25412.205.255.25532,766
2912.206.0.0/1712.206.0.1 to 12.206.127.25412.206.127.25532,766
3012.206.128.0/1712.206.128.1 to 12.206.255.25412.206.255.25532,766
3112.207.0.0/1712.207.0.1 to 12.207.127.25412.207.127.25532,766
3212.207.128.0/1712.207.128.1 to 12.207.255.25412.207.255.25532,766
3312.208.0.0/1712.208.0.1 to 12.208.127.25412.208.127.25532,766
3412.208.128.0/1712.208.128.1 to 12.208.255.25412.208.255.25532,766
3512.209.0.0/1712.209.0.1 to 12.209.127.25412.209.127.25532,766
3612.209.128.0/1712.209.128.1 to 12.209.255.25412.209.255.25532,766
3712.210.0.0/1712.210.0.1 to 12.210.127.25412.210.127.25532,766
3812.210.128.0/1712.210.128.1 to 12.210.255.25412.210.255.25532,766
3912.211.0.0/1712.211.0.1 to 12.211.127.25412.211.127.25532,766
4012.211.128.0/1712.211.128.1 to 12.211.255.25412.211.255.25532,766
4112.212.0.0/1712.212.0.1 to 12.212.127.25412.212.127.25532,766
4212.212.128.0/1712.212.128.1 to 12.212.255.25412.212.255.25532,766
4312.213.0.0/1712.213.0.1 to 12.213.127.25412.213.127.25532,766
4412.213.128.0/1712.213.128.1 to 12.213.255.25412.213.255.25532,766
4512.214.0.0/1712.214.0.1 to 12.214.127.25412.214.127.25532,766
4612.214.128.0/1712.214.128.1 to 12.214.255.25412.214.255.25532,766
4712.215.0.0/1712.215.0.1 to 12.215.127.25412.215.127.25532,766
4812.215.128.0/1712.215.128.1 to 12.215.255.25412.215.255.25532,766
4912.216.0.0/1712.216.0.1 to 12.216.127.25412.216.127.25532,766
5012.216.128.0/1712.216.128.1 to 12.216.255.25412.216.255.25532,766
5112.217.0.0/1712.217.0.1 to 12.217.127.25412.217.127.25532,766
5212.217.128.0/1712.217.128.1 to 12.217.255.25412.217.255.25532,766
5312.218.0.0/1712.218.0.1 to 12.218.127.25412.218.127.25532,766
5412.218.128.0/1712.218.128.1 to 12.218.255.25412.218.255.25532,766
5512.219.0.0/1712.219.0.1 to 12.219.127.25412.219.127.25532,766
5612.219.128.0/1712.219.128.1 to 12.219.255.25412.219.255.25532,766
5712.220.0.0/1712.220.0.1 to 12.220.127.25412.220.127.25532,766
5812.220.128.0/1712.220.128.1 to 12.220.255.25412.220.255.25532,766
5912.221.0.0/1712.221.0.1 to 12.221.127.25412.221.127.25532,766
6012.221.128.0/1712.221.128.1 to 12.221.255.25412.221.255.25532,766
6112.222.0.0/1712.222.0.1 to 12.222.127.25412.222.127.25532,766
6212.222.128.0/1712.222.128.1 to 12.222.255.25412.222.255.25532,766
6312.223.0.0/1712.223.0.1 to 12.223.127.25412.223.127.25532,766
6412.223.128.0/1712.223.128.1 to 12.223.255.25412.223.255.25532,766

IPv4 CIDR reference (/0 to /32)

IPv4 prefix lengths
PrefixSubnet maskWildcardAddressesUsable hostsSizeTypical use
/00.0.0.0255.255.255.2554,294,967,2964,294,967,29416,777,216 × /24
/1128.0.0.0127.255.255.2552,147,483,6482,147,483,6468,388,608 × /24
/2192.0.0.063.255.255.2551,073,741,8241,073,741,8224,194,304 × /24
/3224.0.0.031.255.255.255536,870,912536,870,9102,097,152 × /24
/4240.0.0.015.255.255.255268,435,456268,435,4541,048,576 × /24
/5248.0.0.07.255.255.255134,217,728134,217,726524,288 × /24
/6252.0.0.03.255.255.25567,108,86467,108,862262,144 × /24
/7254.0.0.01.255.255.25533,554,43233,554,430131,072 × /24
/8255.0.0.00.255.255.25516,777,21616,777,21465,536 × /24Old class A; 10.0.0.0/8
/9255.128.0.00.127.255.2558,388,6088,388,60632,768 × /24
/10255.192.0.00.63.255.2554,194,3044,194,30216,384 × /24
/11255.224.0.00.31.255.2552,097,1522,097,1508,192 × /24
/12255.240.0.00.15.255.2551,048,5761,048,5744,096 × /24172.16.0.0/12
/13255.248.0.00.7.255.255524,288524,2862,048 × /24
/14255.252.0.00.3.255.255262,144262,1421,024 × /24
/15255.254.0.00.1.255.255131,072131,070512 × /24
/16255.255.0.00.0.255.25565,53665,534256 × /24Old class B; 192.168.0.0/16
/17255.255.128.00.0.127.25532,76832,766128 × /24
/18255.255.192.00.0.63.25516,38416,38264 × /24
/19255.255.224.00.0.31.2558,1928,19032 × /24
/20255.255.240.00.0.15.2554,0964,09416 × /24
/21255.255.248.00.0.7.2552,0482,0468 × /24
/22255.255.252.00.0.3.2551,0241,0224 × /24Large office or guest Wi-Fi (1,022 hosts)
/23255.255.254.00.0.1.2555125102 × /24Larger office LAN (510 hosts)
/24255.255.255.00.0.0.2552562541 × /24Typical office LAN (old class C)
/25255.255.255.1280.0.0.1271281261/2 of a /24Smaller LAN or VLAN
/26255.255.255.1920.0.0.6364621/4 of a /24Smaller LAN or VLAN
/27255.255.255.2240.0.0.3132301/8 of a /24Small VLAN, phones, cameras
/28255.255.255.2400.0.0.1516141/16 of a /24Small VLAN, phones, cameras
/29255.255.255.2480.0.0.7861/32 of a /24Small fixed public block (5 usable)
/30255.255.255.2520.0.0.3421/64 of a /24Point-to-point (old style)
/31255.255.255.2540.0.0.1221/128 of a /24Point-to-point link (RFC 3021)
/32255.255.255.2550.0.0.0111/256 of a /24One host

IPv6 prefix reference

IPv6 prefix lengths
PrefixAddresses/64 LANs/48 sitesNibbleTypical use
/342,535,295,865,117,307,932,921,825,928,971,026,432 (2^125)2,305,843,009,213,693,95235,184,372,088,832NoAll global unicast (2000::/3)
/165,192,296,858,534,827,628,530,496,329,220,096 (2^112)281,474,976,710,6564,294,967,296Yes
/20324,518,553,658,426,726,783,156,020,576,256 (2^108)17,592,186,044,416268,435,456YesLarge provider allocation (RIPE minimum for some)
/29633,825,300,114,114,700,748,351,602,688 (2^99)34,359,738,368524,288NoRIPE allocation to a provider (often)
/3279,228,162,514,264,337,593,543,950,336 (2^96)4,294,967,29665,536YesProvider allocation (RIPE default)
/364,951,760,157,141,521,099,596,496,896 (2^92)268,435,4564,096Yes
/40309,485,009,821,345,068,724,781,056 (2^88)16,777,216256Yes
/4419,342,813,113,834,066,795,298,816 (2^84)1,048,57616Yes
/481,208,925,819,614,629,174,706,176 (2^80)65,5361YesOne site or organisation (RIPE PI / assignment)
/5275,557,863,725,914,323,419,136 (2^76)4,096Yes
/564,722,366,482,869,645,213,696 (2^72)256YesSmall site or home (common provider assignment)
/60295,147,905,179,352,825,856 (2^68)16YesSome home broadband (16 LANs)
/6418,446,744,073,709,551,616 (2^64)1YesOne LAN or VLAN (needed for SLAAC)
/7272,057,594,037,927,936 (2^56)1/256 of a /64Yes
/80281,474,976,710,656 (2^48)1/65,536 of a /64Yes
/964,294,967,2961/4,294,967,296 of a /64YesEmbeds an IPv4 address (NAT64)
/11265,5361/281,474,976,710,656 of a /64Yes
/1202561/72,057,594,037,927,936 of a /64Yes
/124161/1,152,921,504,606,846,976 of a /64Yes
/12641/4,611,686,018,427,387,904 of a /64No
/12721/9,223,372,036,854,775,808 of a /64NoPoint-to-point link (RFC 6164)
/12811/18,446,744,073,709,551,616 of a /64YesOne host or loopback

Private and special ranges

IPv4

Special-purpose ranges
RangeNameWhat it is
255.255.255.255/32Limited broadcastEvery host on the local network
0.0.0.0/8This networkNot routed; 0.0.0.0 means "any address" in settings
10.0.0.0/8Private (RFC 1918)Office and home networks; not routed on the internet
100.64.0.0/10Shared address space (CGNAT)Used by providers behind carrier-grade NAT (RFC 6598)
127.0.0.0/8LoopbackThis computer
169.254.0.0/16Link-local (APIPA)Self-assigned when no DHCP server answers
172.16.0.0/12Private (RFC 1918)Office and home networks; not routed on the internet
192.0.0.0/24IETF protocol assignmentsSpecial uses such as DS-Lite
192.0.2.0/24Documentation (TEST-NET-1)For examples; never used on a network
192.88.99.0/246to4 relay (deprecated)Formerly anycast for 6to4
192.168.0.0/16Private (RFC 1918)Office and home networks; not routed on the internet
198.18.0.0/15BenchmarkingNetwork equipment testing (RFC 2544)
198.51.100.0/24Documentation (TEST-NET-2)For examples; never used on a network
203.0.113.0/24Documentation (TEST-NET-3)For examples; never used on a network
224.0.0.0/4MulticastOne-to-many traffic, such as IPTV and routing protocols
240.0.0.0/4ReservedFuture use; not usable on most systems

IPv6

Special-purpose ranges
RangeNameWhat it is
::/128UnspecifiedNo address; :: means "any address" in settings
::1/128LoopbackThis computer
::ffff:0:0/96IPv4-mappedAn IPv4 address written as IPv6
64:ff9b::/96NAT64IPv4 addresses reached through a NAT64 gateway
100::/64Discard onlyTraffic sent here is dropped (RFC 6666)
2001:db8::/32DocumentationFor examples; never used on a network
2001::/32TeredoIPv6 tunnelled over IPv4 UDP
2002::/166to4IPv6 tunnelled over IPv4 (largely retired)
3fff::/20DocumentationFor examples (RFC 9637)
fc00::/7Unique local (ULA)Private IPv6, like RFC 1918; usually fd00::/8
fe80::/10Link-localEvery IPv6 interface has one; not routed
ff00::/8MulticastOne-to-many traffic; replaces broadcast
2000::/3Global unicastPublic internet addresses

About this tool

A network is written as an address and a prefix length, such as 192.168.1.0/24: the first 24 bits name the network and the rest number the devices on it. The calculator works out where the network starts and ends, how many devices it holds, its subnet and wildcard masks, and the reverse DNS zone to ask your provider for.

It also splits a network into equal smaller ones (one per VLAN or site), turns a range of addresses into the fewest CIDR blocks for a firewall rule, and lists every IPv4 prefix length and the common IPv6 ones in reference tables.

Common questions

Why are two addresses lost in every IPv4 subnet?

The first address names the network and the last is the broadcast address, so a /24 has 256 addresses but 254 for devices. A /31 (a link between two routers) and a /32 (one host) are the exceptions.

What size of IPv6 network should a LAN use?

Always /64. Devices pick their own address within it (SLAAC), which needs the full 64 bits. A site usually gets a /48 or /56 from its provider, which holds 65,536 or 256 LANs.

What is a wildcard mask?

The subnet mask turned inside out: 255.255.255.0 becomes 0.0.0.255. Cisco access lists and OSPF use it to say which bits must match.

Which ranges can I use inside an office?

IPv4: 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12 and 192.168.0.0/16. IPv6: unique local addresses from fd00::/8, though most networks use the public prefix from their provider.