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IP subnet calculator

Type an address with its prefix or mask to see the network, its usable range and masks. Split it into smaller subnets, or look up any prefix in the reference tables.

Network121.0.0.0/8
Usable hosts16,777,214
Subnet mask255.0.0.0
Addresses16,777,216
Network address
121.0.0.0
Broadcast address
121.255.255.255
First usable
121.0.0.1
Last usable
121.255.255.254
Usable hosts
16,777,214 (16,777,216 less the network and broadcast addresses)
Subnet mask
255.0.0.0
Wildcard mask
0.255.255.255 (Cisco ACLs, OSPF)
Prefix length
/8
Type
Public public
Old class
A (default /8)
As numbers
Hex 79000000 · Integer 2030043136 to 2046820351
Reverse DNS zone
121.in-addr.arpa
Binary
Binary view
Binary (network bits bold, host bits grey)Dotted
Address01111001..00000000.00000000.00000000121.0.0.0
Subnet mask11111111..00000000.00000000.00000000255.0.0.0
Network01111001..00000000.00000000.00000000121.0.0.0
Broadcast01111001..11111111.11111111.11111111121.255.255.255
Split into smaller subnets/14
/9 (2)/10 (4)/11 (8)/12 (16)/13 (32)/14 (64)/15 (128)/16 (256)/17 (512)/18 (1,024)/19 (2,048)/20 (4,096)

121.0.0.0/8 makes 64 subnets of /14.

Subnets
#SubnetUsable hosts rangeBroadcastHosts
1121.0.0.0/14121.0.0.1 to 121.3.255.254121.3.255.255262,142
2121.4.0.0/14121.4.0.1 to 121.7.255.254121.7.255.255262,142
3121.8.0.0/14121.8.0.1 to 121.11.255.254121.11.255.255262,142
4121.12.0.0/14121.12.0.1 to 121.15.255.254121.15.255.255262,142
5121.16.0.0/14121.16.0.1 to 121.19.255.254121.19.255.255262,142
6121.20.0.0/14121.20.0.1 to 121.23.255.254121.23.255.255262,142
7121.24.0.0/14121.24.0.1 to 121.27.255.254121.27.255.255262,142
8121.28.0.0/14121.28.0.1 to 121.31.255.254121.31.255.255262,142
9121.32.0.0/14121.32.0.1 to 121.35.255.254121.35.255.255262,142
10121.36.0.0/14121.36.0.1 to 121.39.255.254121.39.255.255262,142
11121.40.0.0/14121.40.0.1 to 121.43.255.254121.43.255.255262,142
12121.44.0.0/14121.44.0.1 to 121.47.255.254121.47.255.255262,142
13121.48.0.0/14121.48.0.1 to 121.51.255.254121.51.255.255262,142
14121.52.0.0/14121.52.0.1 to 121.55.255.254121.55.255.255262,142
15121.56.0.0/14121.56.0.1 to 121.59.255.254121.59.255.255262,142
16121.60.0.0/14121.60.0.1 to 121.63.255.254121.63.255.255262,142
17121.64.0.0/14121.64.0.1 to 121.67.255.254121.67.255.255262,142
18121.68.0.0/14121.68.0.1 to 121.71.255.254121.71.255.255262,142
19121.72.0.0/14121.72.0.1 to 121.75.255.254121.75.255.255262,142
20121.76.0.0/14121.76.0.1 to 121.79.255.254121.79.255.255262,142
21121.80.0.0/14121.80.0.1 to 121.83.255.254121.83.255.255262,142
22121.84.0.0/14121.84.0.1 to 121.87.255.254121.87.255.255262,142
23121.88.0.0/14121.88.0.1 to 121.91.255.254121.91.255.255262,142
24121.92.0.0/14121.92.0.1 to 121.95.255.254121.95.255.255262,142
25121.96.0.0/14121.96.0.1 to 121.99.255.254121.99.255.255262,142
26121.100.0.0/14121.100.0.1 to 121.103.255.254121.103.255.255262,142
27121.104.0.0/14121.104.0.1 to 121.107.255.254121.107.255.255262,142
28121.108.0.0/14121.108.0.1 to 121.111.255.254121.111.255.255262,142
29121.112.0.0/14121.112.0.1 to 121.115.255.254121.115.255.255262,142
30121.116.0.0/14121.116.0.1 to 121.119.255.254121.119.255.255262,142
31121.120.0.0/14121.120.0.1 to 121.123.255.254121.123.255.255262,142
32121.124.0.0/14121.124.0.1 to 121.127.255.254121.127.255.255262,142
33121.128.0.0/14121.128.0.1 to 121.131.255.254121.131.255.255262,142
34121.132.0.0/14121.132.0.1 to 121.135.255.254121.135.255.255262,142
35121.136.0.0/14121.136.0.1 to 121.139.255.254121.139.255.255262,142
36121.140.0.0/14121.140.0.1 to 121.143.255.254121.143.255.255262,142
37121.144.0.0/14121.144.0.1 to 121.147.255.254121.147.255.255262,142
38121.148.0.0/14121.148.0.1 to 121.151.255.254121.151.255.255262,142
39121.152.0.0/14121.152.0.1 to 121.155.255.254121.155.255.255262,142
40121.156.0.0/14121.156.0.1 to 121.159.255.254121.159.255.255262,142
41121.160.0.0/14121.160.0.1 to 121.163.255.254121.163.255.255262,142
42121.164.0.0/14121.164.0.1 to 121.167.255.254121.167.255.255262,142
43121.168.0.0/14121.168.0.1 to 121.171.255.254121.171.255.255262,142
44121.172.0.0/14121.172.0.1 to 121.175.255.254121.175.255.255262,142
45121.176.0.0/14121.176.0.1 to 121.179.255.254121.179.255.255262,142
46121.180.0.0/14121.180.0.1 to 121.183.255.254121.183.255.255262,142
47121.184.0.0/14121.184.0.1 to 121.187.255.254121.187.255.255262,142
48121.188.0.0/14121.188.0.1 to 121.191.255.254121.191.255.255262,142
49121.192.0.0/14121.192.0.1 to 121.195.255.254121.195.255.255262,142
50121.196.0.0/14121.196.0.1 to 121.199.255.254121.199.255.255262,142
51121.200.0.0/14121.200.0.1 to 121.203.255.254121.203.255.255262,142
52121.204.0.0/14121.204.0.1 to 121.207.255.254121.207.255.255262,142
53121.208.0.0/14121.208.0.1 to 121.211.255.254121.211.255.255262,142
54121.212.0.0/14121.212.0.1 to 121.215.255.254121.215.255.255262,142
55121.216.0.0/14121.216.0.1 to 121.219.255.254121.219.255.255262,142
56121.220.0.0/14121.220.0.1 to 121.223.255.254121.223.255.255262,142
57121.224.0.0/14121.224.0.1 to 121.227.255.254121.227.255.255262,142
58121.228.0.0/14121.228.0.1 to 121.231.255.254121.231.255.255262,142
59121.232.0.0/14121.232.0.1 to 121.235.255.254121.235.255.255262,142
60121.236.0.0/14121.236.0.1 to 121.239.255.254121.239.255.255262,142
61121.240.0.0/14121.240.0.1 to 121.243.255.254121.243.255.255262,142
62121.244.0.0/14121.244.0.1 to 121.247.255.254121.247.255.255262,142
63121.248.0.0/14121.248.0.1 to 121.251.255.254121.251.255.255262,142
64121.252.0.0/14121.252.0.1 to 121.255.255.254121.255.255.255262,142

IPv4 CIDR reference (/0 to /32)

IPv4 prefix lengths
PrefixSubnet maskWildcardAddressesUsable hostsSizeTypical use
/00.0.0.0255.255.255.2554,294,967,2964,294,967,29416,777,216 × /24
/1128.0.0.0127.255.255.2552,147,483,6482,147,483,6468,388,608 × /24
/2192.0.0.063.255.255.2551,073,741,8241,073,741,8224,194,304 × /24
/3224.0.0.031.255.255.255536,870,912536,870,9102,097,152 × /24
/4240.0.0.015.255.255.255268,435,456268,435,4541,048,576 × /24
/5248.0.0.07.255.255.255134,217,728134,217,726524,288 × /24
/6252.0.0.03.255.255.25567,108,86467,108,862262,144 × /24
/7254.0.0.01.255.255.25533,554,43233,554,430131,072 × /24
/8255.0.0.00.255.255.25516,777,21616,777,21465,536 × /24Old class A; 10.0.0.0/8
/9255.128.0.00.127.255.2558,388,6088,388,60632,768 × /24
/10255.192.0.00.63.255.2554,194,3044,194,30216,384 × /24
/11255.224.0.00.31.255.2552,097,1522,097,1508,192 × /24
/12255.240.0.00.15.255.2551,048,5761,048,5744,096 × /24172.16.0.0/12
/13255.248.0.00.7.255.255524,288524,2862,048 × /24
/14255.252.0.00.3.255.255262,144262,1421,024 × /24
/15255.254.0.00.1.255.255131,072131,070512 × /24
/16255.255.0.00.0.255.25565,53665,534256 × /24Old class B; 192.168.0.0/16
/17255.255.128.00.0.127.25532,76832,766128 × /24
/18255.255.192.00.0.63.25516,38416,38264 × /24
/19255.255.224.00.0.31.2558,1928,19032 × /24
/20255.255.240.00.0.15.2554,0964,09416 × /24
/21255.255.248.00.0.7.2552,0482,0468 × /24
/22255.255.252.00.0.3.2551,0241,0224 × /24Large office or guest Wi-Fi (1,022 hosts)
/23255.255.254.00.0.1.2555125102 × /24Larger office LAN (510 hosts)
/24255.255.255.00.0.0.2552562541 × /24Typical office LAN (old class C)
/25255.255.255.1280.0.0.1271281261/2 of a /24Smaller LAN or VLAN
/26255.255.255.1920.0.0.6364621/4 of a /24Smaller LAN or VLAN
/27255.255.255.2240.0.0.3132301/8 of a /24Small VLAN, phones, cameras
/28255.255.255.2400.0.0.1516141/16 of a /24Small VLAN, phones, cameras
/29255.255.255.2480.0.0.7861/32 of a /24Small fixed public block (5 usable)
/30255.255.255.2520.0.0.3421/64 of a /24Point-to-point (old style)
/31255.255.255.2540.0.0.1221/128 of a /24Point-to-point link (RFC 3021)
/32255.255.255.2550.0.0.0111/256 of a /24One host

IPv6 prefix reference

IPv6 prefix lengths
PrefixAddresses/64 LANs/48 sitesNibbleTypical use
/342,535,295,865,117,307,932,921,825,928,971,026,432 (2^125)2,305,843,009,213,693,95235,184,372,088,832NoAll global unicast (2000::/3)
/165,192,296,858,534,827,628,530,496,329,220,096 (2^112)281,474,976,710,6564,294,967,296Yes
/20324,518,553,658,426,726,783,156,020,576,256 (2^108)17,592,186,044,416268,435,456YesLarge provider allocation (RIPE minimum for some)
/29633,825,300,114,114,700,748,351,602,688 (2^99)34,359,738,368524,288NoRIPE allocation to a provider (often)
/3279,228,162,514,264,337,593,543,950,336 (2^96)4,294,967,29665,536YesProvider allocation (RIPE default)
/364,951,760,157,141,521,099,596,496,896 (2^92)268,435,4564,096Yes
/40309,485,009,821,345,068,724,781,056 (2^88)16,777,216256Yes
/4419,342,813,113,834,066,795,298,816 (2^84)1,048,57616Yes
/481,208,925,819,614,629,174,706,176 (2^80)65,5361YesOne site or organisation (RIPE PI / assignment)
/5275,557,863,725,914,323,419,136 (2^76)4,096Yes
/564,722,366,482,869,645,213,696 (2^72)256YesSmall site or home (common provider assignment)
/60295,147,905,179,352,825,856 (2^68)16YesSome home broadband (16 LANs)
/6418,446,744,073,709,551,616 (2^64)1YesOne LAN or VLAN (needed for SLAAC)
/7272,057,594,037,927,936 (2^56)1/256 of a /64Yes
/80281,474,976,710,656 (2^48)1/65,536 of a /64Yes
/964,294,967,2961/4,294,967,296 of a /64YesEmbeds an IPv4 address (NAT64)
/11265,5361/281,474,976,710,656 of a /64Yes
/1202561/72,057,594,037,927,936 of a /64Yes
/124161/1,152,921,504,606,846,976 of a /64Yes
/12641/4,611,686,018,427,387,904 of a /64No
/12721/9,223,372,036,854,775,808 of a /64NoPoint-to-point link (RFC 6164)
/12811/18,446,744,073,709,551,616 of a /64YesOne host or loopback

Private and special ranges

IPv4

Special-purpose ranges
RangeNameWhat it is
255.255.255.255/32Limited broadcastEvery host on the local network
0.0.0.0/8This networkNot routed; 0.0.0.0 means "any address" in settings
10.0.0.0/8Private (RFC 1918)Office and home networks; not routed on the internet
100.64.0.0/10Shared address space (CGNAT)Used by providers behind carrier-grade NAT (RFC 6598)
127.0.0.0/8LoopbackThis computer
169.254.0.0/16Link-local (APIPA)Self-assigned when no DHCP server answers
172.16.0.0/12Private (RFC 1918)Office and home networks; not routed on the internet
192.0.0.0/24IETF protocol assignmentsSpecial uses such as DS-Lite
192.0.2.0/24Documentation (TEST-NET-1)For examples; never used on a network
192.88.99.0/246to4 relay (deprecated)Formerly anycast for 6to4
192.168.0.0/16Private (RFC 1918)Office and home networks; not routed on the internet
198.18.0.0/15BenchmarkingNetwork equipment testing (RFC 2544)
198.51.100.0/24Documentation (TEST-NET-2)For examples; never used on a network
203.0.113.0/24Documentation (TEST-NET-3)For examples; never used on a network
224.0.0.0/4MulticastOne-to-many traffic, such as IPTV and routing protocols
240.0.0.0/4ReservedFuture use; not usable on most systems

IPv6

Special-purpose ranges
RangeNameWhat it is
::/128UnspecifiedNo address; :: means "any address" in settings
::1/128LoopbackThis computer
::ffff:0:0/96IPv4-mappedAn IPv4 address written as IPv6
64:ff9b::/96NAT64IPv4 addresses reached through a NAT64 gateway
100::/64Discard onlyTraffic sent here is dropped (RFC 6666)
2001:db8::/32DocumentationFor examples; never used on a network
2001::/32TeredoIPv6 tunnelled over IPv4 UDP
2002::/166to4IPv6 tunnelled over IPv4 (largely retired)
3fff::/20DocumentationFor examples (RFC 9637)
fc00::/7Unique local (ULA)Private IPv6, like RFC 1918; usually fd00::/8
fe80::/10Link-localEvery IPv6 interface has one; not routed
ff00::/8MulticastOne-to-many traffic; replaces broadcast
2000::/3Global unicastPublic internet addresses

About this tool

A network is written as an address and a prefix length, such as 192.168.1.0/24: the first 24 bits name the network and the rest number the devices on it. The calculator works out where the network starts and ends, how many devices it holds, its subnet and wildcard masks, and the reverse DNS zone to ask your provider for.

It also splits a network into equal smaller ones (one per VLAN or site), turns a range of addresses into the fewest CIDR blocks for a firewall rule, and lists every IPv4 prefix length and the common IPv6 ones in reference tables.

Common questions

Why are two addresses lost in every IPv4 subnet?

The first address names the network and the last is the broadcast address, so a /24 has 256 addresses but 254 for devices. A /31 (a link between two routers) and a /32 (one host) are the exceptions.

What size of IPv6 network should a LAN use?

Always /64. Devices pick their own address within it (SLAAC), which needs the full 64 bits. A site usually gets a /48 or /56 from its provider, which holds 65,536 or 256 LANs.

What is a wildcard mask?

The subnet mask turned inside out: 255.255.255.0 becomes 0.0.0.255. Cisco access lists and OSPF use it to say which bits must match.

Which ranges can I use inside an office?

IPv4: 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12 and 192.168.0.0/16. IPv6: unique local addresses from fd00::/8, though most networks use the public prefix from their provider.