Speed and call quality testMy IP addressIP subnet calculatorDNS reportWhoIs lookupRemote support

Internet and network

Speed and call quality testTest delay, jitter and speed, with a focus on phone calls.My IP addressYour public IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, provider and address range.WhoIs lookupWho owns a domain or IP address, when it expires, and its DNS.DNS reportEvery DNS record for a domain, with email setup checked.IP subnet calculatorWork out a network's range, mask and hosts, and split it into subnets.

Computers and devices

Update checkIs this computer, phone and browser up to date? With links to update.Camera and mic testCheck your webcam and microphone before a call.Test print pagePrint an A4 page to check a printer: edges, text, line art and colours.

Make and print

Clean textStrip hidden characters, smart quotes and odd spaces from pasted text.QR code makerMake a QR code for a link, contact or message. Nothing leaves your browser.Wi-Fi QR posterPrint an A4 poster that lets guests join your Wi-Fi by scanning.

Surftec support

Remote supportLet a Surftec engineer connect to your computer to help you.All workingA full-screen confirmation that everything is up and running.

Surftec

Surftec websiteServices, news and how to contact Surftec
Cloud Tools
Guest
GuestNot signed in

Surftec customers will be recognised automatically when they use these tools from their office network.

Customer sign-in is coming soon.

IP subnet calculator

Type an address with its prefix or mask to see the network, its usable range and masks. Split it into smaller subnets, or look up any prefix in the reference tables.

Network159.0.0.0/8
Usable hosts16,777,214
Subnet mask255.0.0.0
Addresses16,777,216
Network address
159.0.0.0
Broadcast address
159.255.255.255
First usable
159.0.0.1
Last usable
159.255.255.254
Usable hosts
16,777,214 (16,777,216 less the network and broadcast addresses)
Subnet mask
255.0.0.0
Wildcard mask
0.255.255.255 (Cisco ACLs, OSPF)
Prefix length
/8
Type
Public public
Old class
B (default /16)
As numbers
Hex 9F000000 · Integer 2667577344 to 2684354559
Reverse DNS zone
159.in-addr.arpa
Binary
Binary view
Binary (network bits bold, host bits grey)Dotted
Address10011111..00000000.00000000.00000000159.0.0.0
Subnet mask11111111..00000000.00000000.00000000255.0.0.0
Network10011111..00000000.00000000.00000000159.0.0.0
Broadcast10011111..11111111.11111111.11111111159.255.255.255
Split into smaller subnets/15
/9 (2)/10 (4)/11 (8)/12 (16)/13 (32)/14 (64)/15 (128)/16 (256)/17 (512)/18 (1,024)/19 (2,048)/20 (4,096)

159.0.0.0/8 makes 128 subnets of /15.

Subnets
#SubnetUsable hosts rangeBroadcastHosts
1159.0.0.0/15159.0.0.1 to 159.1.255.254159.1.255.255131,070
2159.2.0.0/15159.2.0.1 to 159.3.255.254159.3.255.255131,070
3159.4.0.0/15159.4.0.1 to 159.5.255.254159.5.255.255131,070
4159.6.0.0/15159.6.0.1 to 159.7.255.254159.7.255.255131,070
5159.8.0.0/15159.8.0.1 to 159.9.255.254159.9.255.255131,070
6159.10.0.0/15159.10.0.1 to 159.11.255.254159.11.255.255131,070
7159.12.0.0/15159.12.0.1 to 159.13.255.254159.13.255.255131,070
8159.14.0.0/15159.14.0.1 to 159.15.255.254159.15.255.255131,070
9159.16.0.0/15159.16.0.1 to 159.17.255.254159.17.255.255131,070
10159.18.0.0/15159.18.0.1 to 159.19.255.254159.19.255.255131,070
11159.20.0.0/15159.20.0.1 to 159.21.255.254159.21.255.255131,070
12159.22.0.0/15159.22.0.1 to 159.23.255.254159.23.255.255131,070
13159.24.0.0/15159.24.0.1 to 159.25.255.254159.25.255.255131,070
14159.26.0.0/15159.26.0.1 to 159.27.255.254159.27.255.255131,070
15159.28.0.0/15159.28.0.1 to 159.29.255.254159.29.255.255131,070
16159.30.0.0/15159.30.0.1 to 159.31.255.254159.31.255.255131,070
17159.32.0.0/15159.32.0.1 to 159.33.255.254159.33.255.255131,070
18159.34.0.0/15159.34.0.1 to 159.35.255.254159.35.255.255131,070
19159.36.0.0/15159.36.0.1 to 159.37.255.254159.37.255.255131,070
20159.38.0.0/15159.38.0.1 to 159.39.255.254159.39.255.255131,070
21159.40.0.0/15159.40.0.1 to 159.41.255.254159.41.255.255131,070
22159.42.0.0/15159.42.0.1 to 159.43.255.254159.43.255.255131,070
23159.44.0.0/15159.44.0.1 to 159.45.255.254159.45.255.255131,070
24159.46.0.0/15159.46.0.1 to 159.47.255.254159.47.255.255131,070
25159.48.0.0/15159.48.0.1 to 159.49.255.254159.49.255.255131,070
26159.50.0.0/15159.50.0.1 to 159.51.255.254159.51.255.255131,070
27159.52.0.0/15159.52.0.1 to 159.53.255.254159.53.255.255131,070
28159.54.0.0/15159.54.0.1 to 159.55.255.254159.55.255.255131,070
29159.56.0.0/15159.56.0.1 to 159.57.255.254159.57.255.255131,070
30159.58.0.0/15159.58.0.1 to 159.59.255.254159.59.255.255131,070
31159.60.0.0/15159.60.0.1 to 159.61.255.254159.61.255.255131,070
32159.62.0.0/15159.62.0.1 to 159.63.255.254159.63.255.255131,070
33159.64.0.0/15159.64.0.1 to 159.65.255.254159.65.255.255131,070
34159.66.0.0/15159.66.0.1 to 159.67.255.254159.67.255.255131,070
35159.68.0.0/15159.68.0.1 to 159.69.255.254159.69.255.255131,070
36159.70.0.0/15159.70.0.1 to 159.71.255.254159.71.255.255131,070
37159.72.0.0/15159.72.0.1 to 159.73.255.254159.73.255.255131,070
38159.74.0.0/15159.74.0.1 to 159.75.255.254159.75.255.255131,070
39159.76.0.0/15159.76.0.1 to 159.77.255.254159.77.255.255131,070
40159.78.0.0/15159.78.0.1 to 159.79.255.254159.79.255.255131,070
41159.80.0.0/15159.80.0.1 to 159.81.255.254159.81.255.255131,070
42159.82.0.0/15159.82.0.1 to 159.83.255.254159.83.255.255131,070
43159.84.0.0/15159.84.0.1 to 159.85.255.254159.85.255.255131,070
44159.86.0.0/15159.86.0.1 to 159.87.255.254159.87.255.255131,070
45159.88.0.0/15159.88.0.1 to 159.89.255.254159.89.255.255131,070
46159.90.0.0/15159.90.0.1 to 159.91.255.254159.91.255.255131,070
47159.92.0.0/15159.92.0.1 to 159.93.255.254159.93.255.255131,070
48159.94.0.0/15159.94.0.1 to 159.95.255.254159.95.255.255131,070
49159.96.0.0/15159.96.0.1 to 159.97.255.254159.97.255.255131,070
50159.98.0.0/15159.98.0.1 to 159.99.255.254159.99.255.255131,070
51159.100.0.0/15159.100.0.1 to 159.101.255.254159.101.255.255131,070
52159.102.0.0/15159.102.0.1 to 159.103.255.254159.103.255.255131,070
53159.104.0.0/15159.104.0.1 to 159.105.255.254159.105.255.255131,070
54159.106.0.0/15159.106.0.1 to 159.107.255.254159.107.255.255131,070
55159.108.0.0/15159.108.0.1 to 159.109.255.254159.109.255.255131,070
56159.110.0.0/15159.110.0.1 to 159.111.255.254159.111.255.255131,070
57159.112.0.0/15159.112.0.1 to 159.113.255.254159.113.255.255131,070
58159.114.0.0/15159.114.0.1 to 159.115.255.254159.115.255.255131,070
59159.116.0.0/15159.116.0.1 to 159.117.255.254159.117.255.255131,070
60159.118.0.0/15159.118.0.1 to 159.119.255.254159.119.255.255131,070
61159.120.0.0/15159.120.0.1 to 159.121.255.254159.121.255.255131,070
62159.122.0.0/15159.122.0.1 to 159.123.255.254159.123.255.255131,070
63159.124.0.0/15159.124.0.1 to 159.125.255.254159.125.255.255131,070
64159.126.0.0/15159.126.0.1 to 159.127.255.254159.127.255.255131,070
65159.128.0.0/15159.128.0.1 to 159.129.255.254159.129.255.255131,070
66159.130.0.0/15159.130.0.1 to 159.131.255.254159.131.255.255131,070
67159.132.0.0/15159.132.0.1 to 159.133.255.254159.133.255.255131,070
68159.134.0.0/15159.134.0.1 to 159.135.255.254159.135.255.255131,070
69159.136.0.0/15159.136.0.1 to 159.137.255.254159.137.255.255131,070
70159.138.0.0/15159.138.0.1 to 159.139.255.254159.139.255.255131,070
71159.140.0.0/15159.140.0.1 to 159.141.255.254159.141.255.255131,070
72159.142.0.0/15159.142.0.1 to 159.143.255.254159.143.255.255131,070
73159.144.0.0/15159.144.0.1 to 159.145.255.254159.145.255.255131,070
74159.146.0.0/15159.146.0.1 to 159.147.255.254159.147.255.255131,070
75159.148.0.0/15159.148.0.1 to 159.149.255.254159.149.255.255131,070
76159.150.0.0/15159.150.0.1 to 159.151.255.254159.151.255.255131,070
77159.152.0.0/15159.152.0.1 to 159.153.255.254159.153.255.255131,070
78159.154.0.0/15159.154.0.1 to 159.155.255.254159.155.255.255131,070
79159.156.0.0/15159.156.0.1 to 159.157.255.254159.157.255.255131,070
80159.158.0.0/15159.158.0.1 to 159.159.255.254159.159.255.255131,070
81159.160.0.0/15159.160.0.1 to 159.161.255.254159.161.255.255131,070
82159.162.0.0/15159.162.0.1 to 159.163.255.254159.163.255.255131,070
83159.164.0.0/15159.164.0.1 to 159.165.255.254159.165.255.255131,070
84159.166.0.0/15159.166.0.1 to 159.167.255.254159.167.255.255131,070
85159.168.0.0/15159.168.0.1 to 159.169.255.254159.169.255.255131,070
86159.170.0.0/15159.170.0.1 to 159.171.255.254159.171.255.255131,070
87159.172.0.0/15159.172.0.1 to 159.173.255.254159.173.255.255131,070
88159.174.0.0/15159.174.0.1 to 159.175.255.254159.175.255.255131,070
89159.176.0.0/15159.176.0.1 to 159.177.255.254159.177.255.255131,070
90159.178.0.0/15159.178.0.1 to 159.179.255.254159.179.255.255131,070
91159.180.0.0/15159.180.0.1 to 159.181.255.254159.181.255.255131,070
92159.182.0.0/15159.182.0.1 to 159.183.255.254159.183.255.255131,070
93159.184.0.0/15159.184.0.1 to 159.185.255.254159.185.255.255131,070
94159.186.0.0/15159.186.0.1 to 159.187.255.254159.187.255.255131,070
95159.188.0.0/15159.188.0.1 to 159.189.255.254159.189.255.255131,070
96159.190.0.0/15159.190.0.1 to 159.191.255.254159.191.255.255131,070
97159.192.0.0/15159.192.0.1 to 159.193.255.254159.193.255.255131,070
98159.194.0.0/15159.194.0.1 to 159.195.255.254159.195.255.255131,070
99159.196.0.0/15159.196.0.1 to 159.197.255.254159.197.255.255131,070
100159.198.0.0/15159.198.0.1 to 159.199.255.254159.199.255.255131,070
101159.200.0.0/15159.200.0.1 to 159.201.255.254159.201.255.255131,070
102159.202.0.0/15159.202.0.1 to 159.203.255.254159.203.255.255131,070
103159.204.0.0/15159.204.0.1 to 159.205.255.254159.205.255.255131,070
104159.206.0.0/15159.206.0.1 to 159.207.255.254159.207.255.255131,070
105159.208.0.0/15159.208.0.1 to 159.209.255.254159.209.255.255131,070
106159.210.0.0/15159.210.0.1 to 159.211.255.254159.211.255.255131,070
107159.212.0.0/15159.212.0.1 to 159.213.255.254159.213.255.255131,070
108159.214.0.0/15159.214.0.1 to 159.215.255.254159.215.255.255131,070
109159.216.0.0/15159.216.0.1 to 159.217.255.254159.217.255.255131,070
110159.218.0.0/15159.218.0.1 to 159.219.255.254159.219.255.255131,070
111159.220.0.0/15159.220.0.1 to 159.221.255.254159.221.255.255131,070
112159.222.0.0/15159.222.0.1 to 159.223.255.254159.223.255.255131,070
113159.224.0.0/15159.224.0.1 to 159.225.255.254159.225.255.255131,070
114159.226.0.0/15159.226.0.1 to 159.227.255.254159.227.255.255131,070
115159.228.0.0/15159.228.0.1 to 159.229.255.254159.229.255.255131,070
116159.230.0.0/15159.230.0.1 to 159.231.255.254159.231.255.255131,070
117159.232.0.0/15159.232.0.1 to 159.233.255.254159.233.255.255131,070
118159.234.0.0/15159.234.0.1 to 159.235.255.254159.235.255.255131,070
119159.236.0.0/15159.236.0.1 to 159.237.255.254159.237.255.255131,070
120159.238.0.0/15159.238.0.1 to 159.239.255.254159.239.255.255131,070
121159.240.0.0/15159.240.0.1 to 159.241.255.254159.241.255.255131,070
122159.242.0.0/15159.242.0.1 to 159.243.255.254159.243.255.255131,070
123159.244.0.0/15159.244.0.1 to 159.245.255.254159.245.255.255131,070
124159.246.0.0/15159.246.0.1 to 159.247.255.254159.247.255.255131,070
125159.248.0.0/15159.248.0.1 to 159.249.255.254159.249.255.255131,070
126159.250.0.0/15159.250.0.1 to 159.251.255.254159.251.255.255131,070
127159.252.0.0/15159.252.0.1 to 159.253.255.254159.253.255.255131,070
128159.254.0.0/15159.254.0.1 to 159.255.255.254159.255.255.255131,070

IPv4 CIDR reference (/0 to /32)

IPv4 prefix lengths
PrefixSubnet maskWildcardAddressesUsable hostsSizeTypical use
/00.0.0.0255.255.255.2554,294,967,2964,294,967,29416,777,216 × /24
/1128.0.0.0127.255.255.2552,147,483,6482,147,483,6468,388,608 × /24
/2192.0.0.063.255.255.2551,073,741,8241,073,741,8224,194,304 × /24
/3224.0.0.031.255.255.255536,870,912536,870,9102,097,152 × /24
/4240.0.0.015.255.255.255268,435,456268,435,4541,048,576 × /24
/5248.0.0.07.255.255.255134,217,728134,217,726524,288 × /24
/6252.0.0.03.255.255.25567,108,86467,108,862262,144 × /24
/7254.0.0.01.255.255.25533,554,43233,554,430131,072 × /24
/8255.0.0.00.255.255.25516,777,21616,777,21465,536 × /24Old class A; 10.0.0.0/8
/9255.128.0.00.127.255.2558,388,6088,388,60632,768 × /24
/10255.192.0.00.63.255.2554,194,3044,194,30216,384 × /24
/11255.224.0.00.31.255.2552,097,1522,097,1508,192 × /24
/12255.240.0.00.15.255.2551,048,5761,048,5744,096 × /24172.16.0.0/12
/13255.248.0.00.7.255.255524,288524,2862,048 × /24
/14255.252.0.00.3.255.255262,144262,1421,024 × /24
/15255.254.0.00.1.255.255131,072131,070512 × /24
/16255.255.0.00.0.255.25565,53665,534256 × /24Old class B; 192.168.0.0/16
/17255.255.128.00.0.127.25532,76832,766128 × /24
/18255.255.192.00.0.63.25516,38416,38264 × /24
/19255.255.224.00.0.31.2558,1928,19032 × /24
/20255.255.240.00.0.15.2554,0964,09416 × /24
/21255.255.248.00.0.7.2552,0482,0468 × /24
/22255.255.252.00.0.3.2551,0241,0224 × /24Large office or guest Wi-Fi (1,022 hosts)
/23255.255.254.00.0.1.2555125102 × /24Larger office LAN (510 hosts)
/24255.255.255.00.0.0.2552562541 × /24Typical office LAN (old class C)
/25255.255.255.1280.0.0.1271281261/2 of a /24Smaller LAN or VLAN
/26255.255.255.1920.0.0.6364621/4 of a /24Smaller LAN or VLAN
/27255.255.255.2240.0.0.3132301/8 of a /24Small VLAN, phones, cameras
/28255.255.255.2400.0.0.1516141/16 of a /24Small VLAN, phones, cameras
/29255.255.255.2480.0.0.7861/32 of a /24Small fixed public block (5 usable)
/30255.255.255.2520.0.0.3421/64 of a /24Point-to-point (old style)
/31255.255.255.2540.0.0.1221/128 of a /24Point-to-point link (RFC 3021)
/32255.255.255.2550.0.0.0111/256 of a /24One host

IPv6 prefix reference

IPv6 prefix lengths
PrefixAddresses/64 LANs/48 sitesNibbleTypical use
/342,535,295,865,117,307,932,921,825,928,971,026,432 (2^125)2,305,843,009,213,693,95235,184,372,088,832NoAll global unicast (2000::/3)
/165,192,296,858,534,827,628,530,496,329,220,096 (2^112)281,474,976,710,6564,294,967,296Yes
/20324,518,553,658,426,726,783,156,020,576,256 (2^108)17,592,186,044,416268,435,456YesLarge provider allocation (RIPE minimum for some)
/29633,825,300,114,114,700,748,351,602,688 (2^99)34,359,738,368524,288NoRIPE allocation to a provider (often)
/3279,228,162,514,264,337,593,543,950,336 (2^96)4,294,967,29665,536YesProvider allocation (RIPE default)
/364,951,760,157,141,521,099,596,496,896 (2^92)268,435,4564,096Yes
/40309,485,009,821,345,068,724,781,056 (2^88)16,777,216256Yes
/4419,342,813,113,834,066,795,298,816 (2^84)1,048,57616Yes
/481,208,925,819,614,629,174,706,176 (2^80)65,5361YesOne site or organisation (RIPE PI / assignment)
/5275,557,863,725,914,323,419,136 (2^76)4,096Yes
/564,722,366,482,869,645,213,696 (2^72)256YesSmall site or home (common provider assignment)
/60295,147,905,179,352,825,856 (2^68)16YesSome home broadband (16 LANs)
/6418,446,744,073,709,551,616 (2^64)1YesOne LAN or VLAN (needed for SLAAC)
/7272,057,594,037,927,936 (2^56)1/256 of a /64Yes
/80281,474,976,710,656 (2^48)1/65,536 of a /64Yes
/964,294,967,2961/4,294,967,296 of a /64YesEmbeds an IPv4 address (NAT64)
/11265,5361/281,474,976,710,656 of a /64Yes
/1202561/72,057,594,037,927,936 of a /64Yes
/124161/1,152,921,504,606,846,976 of a /64Yes
/12641/4,611,686,018,427,387,904 of a /64No
/12721/9,223,372,036,854,775,808 of a /64NoPoint-to-point link (RFC 6164)
/12811/18,446,744,073,709,551,616 of a /64YesOne host or loopback

Private and special ranges

IPv4

Special-purpose ranges
RangeNameWhat it is
255.255.255.255/32Limited broadcastEvery host on the local network
0.0.0.0/8This networkNot routed; 0.0.0.0 means "any address" in settings
10.0.0.0/8Private (RFC 1918)Office and home networks; not routed on the internet
100.64.0.0/10Shared address space (CGNAT)Used by providers behind carrier-grade NAT (RFC 6598)
127.0.0.0/8LoopbackThis computer
169.254.0.0/16Link-local (APIPA)Self-assigned when no DHCP server answers
172.16.0.0/12Private (RFC 1918)Office and home networks; not routed on the internet
192.0.0.0/24IETF protocol assignmentsSpecial uses such as DS-Lite
192.0.2.0/24Documentation (TEST-NET-1)For examples; never used on a network
192.88.99.0/246to4 relay (deprecated)Formerly anycast for 6to4
192.168.0.0/16Private (RFC 1918)Office and home networks; not routed on the internet
198.18.0.0/15BenchmarkingNetwork equipment testing (RFC 2544)
198.51.100.0/24Documentation (TEST-NET-2)For examples; never used on a network
203.0.113.0/24Documentation (TEST-NET-3)For examples; never used on a network
224.0.0.0/4MulticastOne-to-many traffic, such as IPTV and routing protocols
240.0.0.0/4ReservedFuture use; not usable on most systems

IPv6

Special-purpose ranges
RangeNameWhat it is
::/128UnspecifiedNo address; :: means "any address" in settings
::1/128LoopbackThis computer
::ffff:0:0/96IPv4-mappedAn IPv4 address written as IPv6
64:ff9b::/96NAT64IPv4 addresses reached through a NAT64 gateway
100::/64Discard onlyTraffic sent here is dropped (RFC 6666)
2001:db8::/32DocumentationFor examples; never used on a network
2001::/32TeredoIPv6 tunnelled over IPv4 UDP
2002::/166to4IPv6 tunnelled over IPv4 (largely retired)
3fff::/20DocumentationFor examples (RFC 9637)
fc00::/7Unique local (ULA)Private IPv6, like RFC 1918; usually fd00::/8
fe80::/10Link-localEvery IPv6 interface has one; not routed
ff00::/8MulticastOne-to-many traffic; replaces broadcast
2000::/3Global unicastPublic internet addresses

About this tool

A network is written as an address and a prefix length, such as 192.168.1.0/24: the first 24 bits name the network and the rest number the devices on it. The calculator works out where the network starts and ends, how many devices it holds, its subnet and wildcard masks, and the reverse DNS zone to ask your provider for.

It also splits a network into equal smaller ones (one per VLAN or site), turns a range of addresses into the fewest CIDR blocks for a firewall rule, and lists every IPv4 prefix length and the common IPv6 ones in reference tables.

Common questions

Why are two addresses lost in every IPv4 subnet?

The first address names the network and the last is the broadcast address, so a /24 has 256 addresses but 254 for devices. A /31 (a link between two routers) and a /32 (one host) are the exceptions.

What size of IPv6 network should a LAN use?

Always /64. Devices pick their own address within it (SLAAC), which needs the full 64 bits. A site usually gets a /48 or /56 from its provider, which holds 65,536 or 256 LANs.

What is a wildcard mask?

The subnet mask turned inside out: 255.255.255.0 becomes 0.0.0.255. Cisco access lists and OSPF use it to say which bits must match.

Which ranges can I use inside an office?

IPv4: 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12 and 192.168.0.0/16. IPv6: unique local addresses from fd00::/8, though most networks use the public prefix from their provider.