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IP subnet calculator

Type an address with its prefix or mask to see the network, its usable range and masks. Split it into smaller subnets, or look up any prefix in the reference tables.

Network161.0.0.0/8
Usable hosts16,777,214
Subnet mask255.0.0.0
Addresses16,777,216
Network address
161.0.0.0
Broadcast address
161.255.255.255
First usable
161.0.0.1
Last usable
161.255.255.254
Usable hosts
16,777,214 (16,777,216 less the network and broadcast addresses)
Subnet mask
255.0.0.0
Wildcard mask
0.255.255.255 (Cisco ACLs, OSPF)
Prefix length
/8
Type
Public public
Old class
B (default /16)
As numbers
Hex A1000000 · Integer 2701131776 to 2717908991
Reverse DNS zone
161.in-addr.arpa
Binary
Binary view
Binary (network bits bold, host bits grey)Dotted
Address10100001..00000000.00000000.00000000161.0.0.0
Subnet mask11111111..00000000.00000000.00000000255.0.0.0
Network10100001..00000000.00000000.00000000161.0.0.0
Broadcast10100001..11111111.11111111.11111111161.255.255.255
Split into smaller subnets/14
/9 (2)/10 (4)/11 (8)/12 (16)/13 (32)/14 (64)/15 (128)/16 (256)/17 (512)/18 (1,024)/19 (2,048)/20 (4,096)

161.0.0.0/8 makes 64 subnets of /14.

Subnets
#SubnetUsable hosts rangeBroadcastHosts
1161.0.0.0/14161.0.0.1 to 161.3.255.254161.3.255.255262,142
2161.4.0.0/14161.4.0.1 to 161.7.255.254161.7.255.255262,142
3161.8.0.0/14161.8.0.1 to 161.11.255.254161.11.255.255262,142
4161.12.0.0/14161.12.0.1 to 161.15.255.254161.15.255.255262,142
5161.16.0.0/14161.16.0.1 to 161.19.255.254161.19.255.255262,142
6161.20.0.0/14161.20.0.1 to 161.23.255.254161.23.255.255262,142
7161.24.0.0/14161.24.0.1 to 161.27.255.254161.27.255.255262,142
8161.28.0.0/14161.28.0.1 to 161.31.255.254161.31.255.255262,142
9161.32.0.0/14161.32.0.1 to 161.35.255.254161.35.255.255262,142
10161.36.0.0/14161.36.0.1 to 161.39.255.254161.39.255.255262,142
11161.40.0.0/14161.40.0.1 to 161.43.255.254161.43.255.255262,142
12161.44.0.0/14161.44.0.1 to 161.47.255.254161.47.255.255262,142
13161.48.0.0/14161.48.0.1 to 161.51.255.254161.51.255.255262,142
14161.52.0.0/14161.52.0.1 to 161.55.255.254161.55.255.255262,142
15161.56.0.0/14161.56.0.1 to 161.59.255.254161.59.255.255262,142
16161.60.0.0/14161.60.0.1 to 161.63.255.254161.63.255.255262,142
17161.64.0.0/14161.64.0.1 to 161.67.255.254161.67.255.255262,142
18161.68.0.0/14161.68.0.1 to 161.71.255.254161.71.255.255262,142
19161.72.0.0/14161.72.0.1 to 161.75.255.254161.75.255.255262,142
20161.76.0.0/14161.76.0.1 to 161.79.255.254161.79.255.255262,142
21161.80.0.0/14161.80.0.1 to 161.83.255.254161.83.255.255262,142
22161.84.0.0/14161.84.0.1 to 161.87.255.254161.87.255.255262,142
23161.88.0.0/14161.88.0.1 to 161.91.255.254161.91.255.255262,142
24161.92.0.0/14161.92.0.1 to 161.95.255.254161.95.255.255262,142
25161.96.0.0/14161.96.0.1 to 161.99.255.254161.99.255.255262,142
26161.100.0.0/14161.100.0.1 to 161.103.255.254161.103.255.255262,142
27161.104.0.0/14161.104.0.1 to 161.107.255.254161.107.255.255262,142
28161.108.0.0/14161.108.0.1 to 161.111.255.254161.111.255.255262,142
29161.112.0.0/14161.112.0.1 to 161.115.255.254161.115.255.255262,142
30161.116.0.0/14161.116.0.1 to 161.119.255.254161.119.255.255262,142
31161.120.0.0/14161.120.0.1 to 161.123.255.254161.123.255.255262,142
32161.124.0.0/14161.124.0.1 to 161.127.255.254161.127.255.255262,142
33161.128.0.0/14161.128.0.1 to 161.131.255.254161.131.255.255262,142
34161.132.0.0/14161.132.0.1 to 161.135.255.254161.135.255.255262,142
35161.136.0.0/14161.136.0.1 to 161.139.255.254161.139.255.255262,142
36161.140.0.0/14161.140.0.1 to 161.143.255.254161.143.255.255262,142
37161.144.0.0/14161.144.0.1 to 161.147.255.254161.147.255.255262,142
38161.148.0.0/14161.148.0.1 to 161.151.255.254161.151.255.255262,142
39161.152.0.0/14161.152.0.1 to 161.155.255.254161.155.255.255262,142
40161.156.0.0/14161.156.0.1 to 161.159.255.254161.159.255.255262,142
41161.160.0.0/14161.160.0.1 to 161.163.255.254161.163.255.255262,142
42161.164.0.0/14161.164.0.1 to 161.167.255.254161.167.255.255262,142
43161.168.0.0/14161.168.0.1 to 161.171.255.254161.171.255.255262,142
44161.172.0.0/14161.172.0.1 to 161.175.255.254161.175.255.255262,142
45161.176.0.0/14161.176.0.1 to 161.179.255.254161.179.255.255262,142
46161.180.0.0/14161.180.0.1 to 161.183.255.254161.183.255.255262,142
47161.184.0.0/14161.184.0.1 to 161.187.255.254161.187.255.255262,142
48161.188.0.0/14161.188.0.1 to 161.191.255.254161.191.255.255262,142
49161.192.0.0/14161.192.0.1 to 161.195.255.254161.195.255.255262,142
50161.196.0.0/14161.196.0.1 to 161.199.255.254161.199.255.255262,142
51161.200.0.0/14161.200.0.1 to 161.203.255.254161.203.255.255262,142
52161.204.0.0/14161.204.0.1 to 161.207.255.254161.207.255.255262,142
53161.208.0.0/14161.208.0.1 to 161.211.255.254161.211.255.255262,142
54161.212.0.0/14161.212.0.1 to 161.215.255.254161.215.255.255262,142
55161.216.0.0/14161.216.0.1 to 161.219.255.254161.219.255.255262,142
56161.220.0.0/14161.220.0.1 to 161.223.255.254161.223.255.255262,142
57161.224.0.0/14161.224.0.1 to 161.227.255.254161.227.255.255262,142
58161.228.0.0/14161.228.0.1 to 161.231.255.254161.231.255.255262,142
59161.232.0.0/14161.232.0.1 to 161.235.255.254161.235.255.255262,142
60161.236.0.0/14161.236.0.1 to 161.239.255.254161.239.255.255262,142
61161.240.0.0/14161.240.0.1 to 161.243.255.254161.243.255.255262,142
62161.244.0.0/14161.244.0.1 to 161.247.255.254161.247.255.255262,142
63161.248.0.0/14161.248.0.1 to 161.251.255.254161.251.255.255262,142
64161.252.0.0/14161.252.0.1 to 161.255.255.254161.255.255.255262,142

IPv4 CIDR reference (/0 to /32)

IPv4 prefix lengths
PrefixSubnet maskWildcardAddressesUsable hostsSizeTypical use
/00.0.0.0255.255.255.2554,294,967,2964,294,967,29416,777,216 × /24
/1128.0.0.0127.255.255.2552,147,483,6482,147,483,6468,388,608 × /24
/2192.0.0.063.255.255.2551,073,741,8241,073,741,8224,194,304 × /24
/3224.0.0.031.255.255.255536,870,912536,870,9102,097,152 × /24
/4240.0.0.015.255.255.255268,435,456268,435,4541,048,576 × /24
/5248.0.0.07.255.255.255134,217,728134,217,726524,288 × /24
/6252.0.0.03.255.255.25567,108,86467,108,862262,144 × /24
/7254.0.0.01.255.255.25533,554,43233,554,430131,072 × /24
/8255.0.0.00.255.255.25516,777,21616,777,21465,536 × /24Old class A; 10.0.0.0/8
/9255.128.0.00.127.255.2558,388,6088,388,60632,768 × /24
/10255.192.0.00.63.255.2554,194,3044,194,30216,384 × /24
/11255.224.0.00.31.255.2552,097,1522,097,1508,192 × /24
/12255.240.0.00.15.255.2551,048,5761,048,5744,096 × /24172.16.0.0/12
/13255.248.0.00.7.255.255524,288524,2862,048 × /24
/14255.252.0.00.3.255.255262,144262,1421,024 × /24
/15255.254.0.00.1.255.255131,072131,070512 × /24
/16255.255.0.00.0.255.25565,53665,534256 × /24Old class B; 192.168.0.0/16
/17255.255.128.00.0.127.25532,76832,766128 × /24
/18255.255.192.00.0.63.25516,38416,38264 × /24
/19255.255.224.00.0.31.2558,1928,19032 × /24
/20255.255.240.00.0.15.2554,0964,09416 × /24
/21255.255.248.00.0.7.2552,0482,0468 × /24
/22255.255.252.00.0.3.2551,0241,0224 × /24Large office or guest Wi-Fi (1,022 hosts)
/23255.255.254.00.0.1.2555125102 × /24Larger office LAN (510 hosts)
/24255.255.255.00.0.0.2552562541 × /24Typical office LAN (old class C)
/25255.255.255.1280.0.0.1271281261/2 of a /24Smaller LAN or VLAN
/26255.255.255.1920.0.0.6364621/4 of a /24Smaller LAN or VLAN
/27255.255.255.2240.0.0.3132301/8 of a /24Small VLAN, phones, cameras
/28255.255.255.2400.0.0.1516141/16 of a /24Small VLAN, phones, cameras
/29255.255.255.2480.0.0.7861/32 of a /24Small fixed public block (5 usable)
/30255.255.255.2520.0.0.3421/64 of a /24Point-to-point (old style)
/31255.255.255.2540.0.0.1221/128 of a /24Point-to-point link (RFC 3021)
/32255.255.255.2550.0.0.0111/256 of a /24One host

IPv6 prefix reference

IPv6 prefix lengths
PrefixAddresses/64 LANs/48 sitesNibbleTypical use
/342,535,295,865,117,307,932,921,825,928,971,026,432 (2^125)2,305,843,009,213,693,95235,184,372,088,832NoAll global unicast (2000::/3)
/165,192,296,858,534,827,628,530,496,329,220,096 (2^112)281,474,976,710,6564,294,967,296Yes
/20324,518,553,658,426,726,783,156,020,576,256 (2^108)17,592,186,044,416268,435,456YesLarge provider allocation (RIPE minimum for some)
/29633,825,300,114,114,700,748,351,602,688 (2^99)34,359,738,368524,288NoRIPE allocation to a provider (often)
/3279,228,162,514,264,337,593,543,950,336 (2^96)4,294,967,29665,536YesProvider allocation (RIPE default)
/364,951,760,157,141,521,099,596,496,896 (2^92)268,435,4564,096Yes
/40309,485,009,821,345,068,724,781,056 (2^88)16,777,216256Yes
/4419,342,813,113,834,066,795,298,816 (2^84)1,048,57616Yes
/481,208,925,819,614,629,174,706,176 (2^80)65,5361YesOne site or organisation (RIPE PI / assignment)
/5275,557,863,725,914,323,419,136 (2^76)4,096Yes
/564,722,366,482,869,645,213,696 (2^72)256YesSmall site or home (common provider assignment)
/60295,147,905,179,352,825,856 (2^68)16YesSome home broadband (16 LANs)
/6418,446,744,073,709,551,616 (2^64)1YesOne LAN or VLAN (needed for SLAAC)
/7272,057,594,037,927,936 (2^56)1/256 of a /64Yes
/80281,474,976,710,656 (2^48)1/65,536 of a /64Yes
/964,294,967,2961/4,294,967,296 of a /64YesEmbeds an IPv4 address (NAT64)
/11265,5361/281,474,976,710,656 of a /64Yes
/1202561/72,057,594,037,927,936 of a /64Yes
/124161/1,152,921,504,606,846,976 of a /64Yes
/12641/4,611,686,018,427,387,904 of a /64No
/12721/9,223,372,036,854,775,808 of a /64NoPoint-to-point link (RFC 6164)
/12811/18,446,744,073,709,551,616 of a /64YesOne host or loopback

Private and special ranges

IPv4

Special-purpose ranges
RangeNameWhat it is
255.255.255.255/32Limited broadcastEvery host on the local network
0.0.0.0/8This networkNot routed; 0.0.0.0 means "any address" in settings
10.0.0.0/8Private (RFC 1918)Office and home networks; not routed on the internet
100.64.0.0/10Shared address space (CGNAT)Used by providers behind carrier-grade NAT (RFC 6598)
127.0.0.0/8LoopbackThis computer
169.254.0.0/16Link-local (APIPA)Self-assigned when no DHCP server answers
172.16.0.0/12Private (RFC 1918)Office and home networks; not routed on the internet
192.0.0.0/24IETF protocol assignmentsSpecial uses such as DS-Lite
192.0.2.0/24Documentation (TEST-NET-1)For examples; never used on a network
192.88.99.0/246to4 relay (deprecated)Formerly anycast for 6to4
192.168.0.0/16Private (RFC 1918)Office and home networks; not routed on the internet
198.18.0.0/15BenchmarkingNetwork equipment testing (RFC 2544)
198.51.100.0/24Documentation (TEST-NET-2)For examples; never used on a network
203.0.113.0/24Documentation (TEST-NET-3)For examples; never used on a network
224.0.0.0/4MulticastOne-to-many traffic, such as IPTV and routing protocols
240.0.0.0/4ReservedFuture use; not usable on most systems

IPv6

Special-purpose ranges
RangeNameWhat it is
::/128UnspecifiedNo address; :: means "any address" in settings
::1/128LoopbackThis computer
::ffff:0:0/96IPv4-mappedAn IPv4 address written as IPv6
64:ff9b::/96NAT64IPv4 addresses reached through a NAT64 gateway
100::/64Discard onlyTraffic sent here is dropped (RFC 6666)
2001:db8::/32DocumentationFor examples; never used on a network
2001::/32TeredoIPv6 tunnelled over IPv4 UDP
2002::/166to4IPv6 tunnelled over IPv4 (largely retired)
3fff::/20DocumentationFor examples (RFC 9637)
fc00::/7Unique local (ULA)Private IPv6, like RFC 1918; usually fd00::/8
fe80::/10Link-localEvery IPv6 interface has one; not routed
ff00::/8MulticastOne-to-many traffic; replaces broadcast
2000::/3Global unicastPublic internet addresses

About this tool

A network is written as an address and a prefix length, such as 192.168.1.0/24: the first 24 bits name the network and the rest number the devices on it. The calculator works out where the network starts and ends, how many devices it holds, its subnet and wildcard masks, and the reverse DNS zone to ask your provider for.

It also splits a network into equal smaller ones (one per VLAN or site), turns a range of addresses into the fewest CIDR blocks for a firewall rule, and lists every IPv4 prefix length and the common IPv6 ones in reference tables.

Common questions

Why are two addresses lost in every IPv4 subnet?

The first address names the network and the last is the broadcast address, so a /24 has 256 addresses but 254 for devices. A /31 (a link between two routers) and a /32 (one host) are the exceptions.

What size of IPv6 network should a LAN use?

Always /64. Devices pick their own address within it (SLAAC), which needs the full 64 bits. A site usually gets a /48 or /56 from its provider, which holds 65,536 or 256 LANs.

What is a wildcard mask?

The subnet mask turned inside out: 255.255.255.0 becomes 0.0.0.255. Cisco access lists and OSPF use it to say which bits must match.

Which ranges can I use inside an office?

IPv4: 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12 and 192.168.0.0/16. IPv6: unique local addresses from fd00::/8, though most networks use the public prefix from their provider.