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IP subnet calculator

Type an address with its prefix or mask to see the network, its usable range and masks. Split it into smaller subnets, or look up any prefix in the reference tables.

Network199.0.0.0/12
Usable hosts1,048,574
Subnet mask255.240.0.0
Addresses1,048,576
Network address
199.0.0.0
Broadcast address
199.15.255.255
First usable
199.0.0.1
Last usable
199.15.255.254
Usable hosts
1,048,574 (1,048,576 less the network and broadcast addresses)
Subnet mask
255.240.0.0
Wildcard mask
0.15.255.255 (Cisco ACLs, OSPF)
Prefix length
/12
Type
Public public
Old class
C (default /24)
As numbers
Hex C7000000 · Integer 3338665984 to 3339714559
Reverse DNS zones
0.199.in-addr.arpa
1.199.in-addr.arpa
2.199.in-addr.arpa
3.199.in-addr.arpa
4.199.in-addr.arpa
5.199.in-addr.arpa
6.199.in-addr.arpa
7.199.in-addr.arpa
8.199.in-addr.arpa
9.199.in-addr.arpa
10.199.in-addr.arpa
11.199.in-addr.arpa
12.199.in-addr.arpa
13.199.in-addr.arpa
14.199.in-addr.arpa
15.199.in-addr.arpa
/12 is not on a 8-bit boundary, so it takes 16 /16 zones.
Binary
Binary view
Binary (network bits bold, host bits grey)Dotted
Address11000111.00000000.00000000.00000000199.0.0.0
Subnet mask11111111.11110000.00000000.00000000255.240.0.0
Network11000111.00000000.00000000.00000000199.0.0.0
Broadcast11000111.00001111.11111111.11111111199.15.255.255
Split into smaller subnets/19
/13 (2)/14 (4)/15 (8)/16 (16)/17 (32)/18 (64)/19 (128)/20 (256)/21 (512)/22 (1,024)/23 (2,048)/24 (4,096)

199.0.0.0/12 makes 128 subnets of /19.

Subnets
#SubnetUsable hosts rangeBroadcastHosts
1199.0.0.0/19199.0.0.1 to 199.0.31.254199.0.31.2558,190
2199.0.32.0/19199.0.32.1 to 199.0.63.254199.0.63.2558,190
3199.0.64.0/19199.0.64.1 to 199.0.95.254199.0.95.2558,190
4199.0.96.0/19199.0.96.1 to 199.0.127.254199.0.127.2558,190
5199.0.128.0/19199.0.128.1 to 199.0.159.254199.0.159.2558,190
6199.0.160.0/19199.0.160.1 to 199.0.191.254199.0.191.2558,190
7199.0.192.0/19199.0.192.1 to 199.0.223.254199.0.223.2558,190
8199.0.224.0/19199.0.224.1 to 199.0.255.254199.0.255.2558,190
9199.1.0.0/19199.1.0.1 to 199.1.31.254199.1.31.2558,190
10199.1.32.0/19199.1.32.1 to 199.1.63.254199.1.63.2558,190
11199.1.64.0/19199.1.64.1 to 199.1.95.254199.1.95.2558,190
12199.1.96.0/19199.1.96.1 to 199.1.127.254199.1.127.2558,190
13199.1.128.0/19199.1.128.1 to 199.1.159.254199.1.159.2558,190
14199.1.160.0/19199.1.160.1 to 199.1.191.254199.1.191.2558,190
15199.1.192.0/19199.1.192.1 to 199.1.223.254199.1.223.2558,190
16199.1.224.0/19199.1.224.1 to 199.1.255.254199.1.255.2558,190
17199.2.0.0/19199.2.0.1 to 199.2.31.254199.2.31.2558,190
18199.2.32.0/19199.2.32.1 to 199.2.63.254199.2.63.2558,190
19199.2.64.0/19199.2.64.1 to 199.2.95.254199.2.95.2558,190
20199.2.96.0/19199.2.96.1 to 199.2.127.254199.2.127.2558,190
21199.2.128.0/19199.2.128.1 to 199.2.159.254199.2.159.2558,190
22199.2.160.0/19199.2.160.1 to 199.2.191.254199.2.191.2558,190
23199.2.192.0/19199.2.192.1 to 199.2.223.254199.2.223.2558,190
24199.2.224.0/19199.2.224.1 to 199.2.255.254199.2.255.2558,190
25199.3.0.0/19199.3.0.1 to 199.3.31.254199.3.31.2558,190
26199.3.32.0/19199.3.32.1 to 199.3.63.254199.3.63.2558,190
27199.3.64.0/19199.3.64.1 to 199.3.95.254199.3.95.2558,190
28199.3.96.0/19199.3.96.1 to 199.3.127.254199.3.127.2558,190
29199.3.128.0/19199.3.128.1 to 199.3.159.254199.3.159.2558,190
30199.3.160.0/19199.3.160.1 to 199.3.191.254199.3.191.2558,190
31199.3.192.0/19199.3.192.1 to 199.3.223.254199.3.223.2558,190
32199.3.224.0/19199.3.224.1 to 199.3.255.254199.3.255.2558,190
33199.4.0.0/19199.4.0.1 to 199.4.31.254199.4.31.2558,190
34199.4.32.0/19199.4.32.1 to 199.4.63.254199.4.63.2558,190
35199.4.64.0/19199.4.64.1 to 199.4.95.254199.4.95.2558,190
36199.4.96.0/19199.4.96.1 to 199.4.127.254199.4.127.2558,190
37199.4.128.0/19199.4.128.1 to 199.4.159.254199.4.159.2558,190
38199.4.160.0/19199.4.160.1 to 199.4.191.254199.4.191.2558,190
39199.4.192.0/19199.4.192.1 to 199.4.223.254199.4.223.2558,190
40199.4.224.0/19199.4.224.1 to 199.4.255.254199.4.255.2558,190
41199.5.0.0/19199.5.0.1 to 199.5.31.254199.5.31.2558,190
42199.5.32.0/19199.5.32.1 to 199.5.63.254199.5.63.2558,190
43199.5.64.0/19199.5.64.1 to 199.5.95.254199.5.95.2558,190
44199.5.96.0/19199.5.96.1 to 199.5.127.254199.5.127.2558,190
45199.5.128.0/19199.5.128.1 to 199.5.159.254199.5.159.2558,190
46199.5.160.0/19199.5.160.1 to 199.5.191.254199.5.191.2558,190
47199.5.192.0/19199.5.192.1 to 199.5.223.254199.5.223.2558,190
48199.5.224.0/19199.5.224.1 to 199.5.255.254199.5.255.2558,190
49199.6.0.0/19199.6.0.1 to 199.6.31.254199.6.31.2558,190
50199.6.32.0/19199.6.32.1 to 199.6.63.254199.6.63.2558,190
51199.6.64.0/19199.6.64.1 to 199.6.95.254199.6.95.2558,190
52199.6.96.0/19199.6.96.1 to 199.6.127.254199.6.127.2558,190
53199.6.128.0/19199.6.128.1 to 199.6.159.254199.6.159.2558,190
54199.6.160.0/19199.6.160.1 to 199.6.191.254199.6.191.2558,190
55199.6.192.0/19199.6.192.1 to 199.6.223.254199.6.223.2558,190
56199.6.224.0/19199.6.224.1 to 199.6.255.254199.6.255.2558,190
57199.7.0.0/19199.7.0.1 to 199.7.31.254199.7.31.2558,190
58199.7.32.0/19199.7.32.1 to 199.7.63.254199.7.63.2558,190
59199.7.64.0/19199.7.64.1 to 199.7.95.254199.7.95.2558,190
60199.7.96.0/19199.7.96.1 to 199.7.127.254199.7.127.2558,190
61199.7.128.0/19199.7.128.1 to 199.7.159.254199.7.159.2558,190
62199.7.160.0/19199.7.160.1 to 199.7.191.254199.7.191.2558,190
63199.7.192.0/19199.7.192.1 to 199.7.223.254199.7.223.2558,190
64199.7.224.0/19199.7.224.1 to 199.7.255.254199.7.255.2558,190
65199.8.0.0/19199.8.0.1 to 199.8.31.254199.8.31.2558,190
66199.8.32.0/19199.8.32.1 to 199.8.63.254199.8.63.2558,190
67199.8.64.0/19199.8.64.1 to 199.8.95.254199.8.95.2558,190
68199.8.96.0/19199.8.96.1 to 199.8.127.254199.8.127.2558,190
69199.8.128.0/19199.8.128.1 to 199.8.159.254199.8.159.2558,190
70199.8.160.0/19199.8.160.1 to 199.8.191.254199.8.191.2558,190
71199.8.192.0/19199.8.192.1 to 199.8.223.254199.8.223.2558,190
72199.8.224.0/19199.8.224.1 to 199.8.255.254199.8.255.2558,190
73199.9.0.0/19199.9.0.1 to 199.9.31.254199.9.31.2558,190
74199.9.32.0/19199.9.32.1 to 199.9.63.254199.9.63.2558,190
75199.9.64.0/19199.9.64.1 to 199.9.95.254199.9.95.2558,190
76199.9.96.0/19199.9.96.1 to 199.9.127.254199.9.127.2558,190
77199.9.128.0/19199.9.128.1 to 199.9.159.254199.9.159.2558,190
78199.9.160.0/19199.9.160.1 to 199.9.191.254199.9.191.2558,190
79199.9.192.0/19199.9.192.1 to 199.9.223.254199.9.223.2558,190
80199.9.224.0/19199.9.224.1 to 199.9.255.254199.9.255.2558,190
81199.10.0.0/19199.10.0.1 to 199.10.31.254199.10.31.2558,190
82199.10.32.0/19199.10.32.1 to 199.10.63.254199.10.63.2558,190
83199.10.64.0/19199.10.64.1 to 199.10.95.254199.10.95.2558,190
84199.10.96.0/19199.10.96.1 to 199.10.127.254199.10.127.2558,190
85199.10.128.0/19199.10.128.1 to 199.10.159.254199.10.159.2558,190
86199.10.160.0/19199.10.160.1 to 199.10.191.254199.10.191.2558,190
87199.10.192.0/19199.10.192.1 to 199.10.223.254199.10.223.2558,190
88199.10.224.0/19199.10.224.1 to 199.10.255.254199.10.255.2558,190
89199.11.0.0/19199.11.0.1 to 199.11.31.254199.11.31.2558,190
90199.11.32.0/19199.11.32.1 to 199.11.63.254199.11.63.2558,190
91199.11.64.0/19199.11.64.1 to 199.11.95.254199.11.95.2558,190
92199.11.96.0/19199.11.96.1 to 199.11.127.254199.11.127.2558,190
93199.11.128.0/19199.11.128.1 to 199.11.159.254199.11.159.2558,190
94199.11.160.0/19199.11.160.1 to 199.11.191.254199.11.191.2558,190
95199.11.192.0/19199.11.192.1 to 199.11.223.254199.11.223.2558,190
96199.11.224.0/19199.11.224.1 to 199.11.255.254199.11.255.2558,190
97199.12.0.0/19199.12.0.1 to 199.12.31.254199.12.31.2558,190
98199.12.32.0/19199.12.32.1 to 199.12.63.254199.12.63.2558,190
99199.12.64.0/19199.12.64.1 to 199.12.95.254199.12.95.2558,190
100199.12.96.0/19199.12.96.1 to 199.12.127.254199.12.127.2558,190
101199.12.128.0/19199.12.128.1 to 199.12.159.254199.12.159.2558,190
102199.12.160.0/19199.12.160.1 to 199.12.191.254199.12.191.2558,190
103199.12.192.0/19199.12.192.1 to 199.12.223.254199.12.223.2558,190
104199.12.224.0/19199.12.224.1 to 199.12.255.254199.12.255.2558,190
105199.13.0.0/19199.13.0.1 to 199.13.31.254199.13.31.2558,190
106199.13.32.0/19199.13.32.1 to 199.13.63.254199.13.63.2558,190
107199.13.64.0/19199.13.64.1 to 199.13.95.254199.13.95.2558,190
108199.13.96.0/19199.13.96.1 to 199.13.127.254199.13.127.2558,190
109199.13.128.0/19199.13.128.1 to 199.13.159.254199.13.159.2558,190
110199.13.160.0/19199.13.160.1 to 199.13.191.254199.13.191.2558,190
111199.13.192.0/19199.13.192.1 to 199.13.223.254199.13.223.2558,190
112199.13.224.0/19199.13.224.1 to 199.13.255.254199.13.255.2558,190
113199.14.0.0/19199.14.0.1 to 199.14.31.254199.14.31.2558,190
114199.14.32.0/19199.14.32.1 to 199.14.63.254199.14.63.2558,190
115199.14.64.0/19199.14.64.1 to 199.14.95.254199.14.95.2558,190
116199.14.96.0/19199.14.96.1 to 199.14.127.254199.14.127.2558,190
117199.14.128.0/19199.14.128.1 to 199.14.159.254199.14.159.2558,190
118199.14.160.0/19199.14.160.1 to 199.14.191.254199.14.191.2558,190
119199.14.192.0/19199.14.192.1 to 199.14.223.254199.14.223.2558,190
120199.14.224.0/19199.14.224.1 to 199.14.255.254199.14.255.2558,190
121199.15.0.0/19199.15.0.1 to 199.15.31.254199.15.31.2558,190
122199.15.32.0/19199.15.32.1 to 199.15.63.254199.15.63.2558,190
123199.15.64.0/19199.15.64.1 to 199.15.95.254199.15.95.2558,190
124199.15.96.0/19199.15.96.1 to 199.15.127.254199.15.127.2558,190
125199.15.128.0/19199.15.128.1 to 199.15.159.254199.15.159.2558,190
126199.15.160.0/19199.15.160.1 to 199.15.191.254199.15.191.2558,190
127199.15.192.0/19199.15.192.1 to 199.15.223.254199.15.223.2558,190
128199.15.224.0/19199.15.224.1 to 199.15.255.254199.15.255.2558,190

IPv4 CIDR reference (/0 to /32)

IPv4 prefix lengths
PrefixSubnet maskWildcardAddressesUsable hostsSizeTypical use
/00.0.0.0255.255.255.2554,294,967,2964,294,967,29416,777,216 × /24
/1128.0.0.0127.255.255.2552,147,483,6482,147,483,6468,388,608 × /24
/2192.0.0.063.255.255.2551,073,741,8241,073,741,8224,194,304 × /24
/3224.0.0.031.255.255.255536,870,912536,870,9102,097,152 × /24
/4240.0.0.015.255.255.255268,435,456268,435,4541,048,576 × /24
/5248.0.0.07.255.255.255134,217,728134,217,726524,288 × /24
/6252.0.0.03.255.255.25567,108,86467,108,862262,144 × /24
/7254.0.0.01.255.255.25533,554,43233,554,430131,072 × /24
/8255.0.0.00.255.255.25516,777,21616,777,21465,536 × /24Old class A; 10.0.0.0/8
/9255.128.0.00.127.255.2558,388,6088,388,60632,768 × /24
/10255.192.0.00.63.255.2554,194,3044,194,30216,384 × /24
/11255.224.0.00.31.255.2552,097,1522,097,1508,192 × /24
/12255.240.0.00.15.255.2551,048,5761,048,5744,096 × /24172.16.0.0/12
/13255.248.0.00.7.255.255524,288524,2862,048 × /24
/14255.252.0.00.3.255.255262,144262,1421,024 × /24
/15255.254.0.00.1.255.255131,072131,070512 × /24
/16255.255.0.00.0.255.25565,53665,534256 × /24Old class B; 192.168.0.0/16
/17255.255.128.00.0.127.25532,76832,766128 × /24
/18255.255.192.00.0.63.25516,38416,38264 × /24
/19255.255.224.00.0.31.2558,1928,19032 × /24
/20255.255.240.00.0.15.2554,0964,09416 × /24
/21255.255.248.00.0.7.2552,0482,0468 × /24
/22255.255.252.00.0.3.2551,0241,0224 × /24Large office or guest Wi-Fi (1,022 hosts)
/23255.255.254.00.0.1.2555125102 × /24Larger office LAN (510 hosts)
/24255.255.255.00.0.0.2552562541 × /24Typical office LAN (old class C)
/25255.255.255.1280.0.0.1271281261/2 of a /24Smaller LAN or VLAN
/26255.255.255.1920.0.0.6364621/4 of a /24Smaller LAN or VLAN
/27255.255.255.2240.0.0.3132301/8 of a /24Small VLAN, phones, cameras
/28255.255.255.2400.0.0.1516141/16 of a /24Small VLAN, phones, cameras
/29255.255.255.2480.0.0.7861/32 of a /24Small fixed public block (5 usable)
/30255.255.255.2520.0.0.3421/64 of a /24Point-to-point (old style)
/31255.255.255.2540.0.0.1221/128 of a /24Point-to-point link (RFC 3021)
/32255.255.255.2550.0.0.0111/256 of a /24One host

IPv6 prefix reference

IPv6 prefix lengths
PrefixAddresses/64 LANs/48 sitesNibbleTypical use
/342,535,295,865,117,307,932,921,825,928,971,026,432 (2^125)2,305,843,009,213,693,95235,184,372,088,832NoAll global unicast (2000::/3)
/165,192,296,858,534,827,628,530,496,329,220,096 (2^112)281,474,976,710,6564,294,967,296Yes
/20324,518,553,658,426,726,783,156,020,576,256 (2^108)17,592,186,044,416268,435,456YesLarge provider allocation (RIPE minimum for some)
/29633,825,300,114,114,700,748,351,602,688 (2^99)34,359,738,368524,288NoRIPE allocation to a provider (often)
/3279,228,162,514,264,337,593,543,950,336 (2^96)4,294,967,29665,536YesProvider allocation (RIPE default)
/364,951,760,157,141,521,099,596,496,896 (2^92)268,435,4564,096Yes
/40309,485,009,821,345,068,724,781,056 (2^88)16,777,216256Yes
/4419,342,813,113,834,066,795,298,816 (2^84)1,048,57616Yes
/481,208,925,819,614,629,174,706,176 (2^80)65,5361YesOne site or organisation (RIPE PI / assignment)
/5275,557,863,725,914,323,419,136 (2^76)4,096Yes
/564,722,366,482,869,645,213,696 (2^72)256YesSmall site or home (common provider assignment)
/60295,147,905,179,352,825,856 (2^68)16YesSome home broadband (16 LANs)
/6418,446,744,073,709,551,616 (2^64)1YesOne LAN or VLAN (needed for SLAAC)
/7272,057,594,037,927,936 (2^56)1/256 of a /64Yes
/80281,474,976,710,656 (2^48)1/65,536 of a /64Yes
/964,294,967,2961/4,294,967,296 of a /64YesEmbeds an IPv4 address (NAT64)
/11265,5361/281,474,976,710,656 of a /64Yes
/1202561/72,057,594,037,927,936 of a /64Yes
/124161/1,152,921,504,606,846,976 of a /64Yes
/12641/4,611,686,018,427,387,904 of a /64No
/12721/9,223,372,036,854,775,808 of a /64NoPoint-to-point link (RFC 6164)
/12811/18,446,744,073,709,551,616 of a /64YesOne host or loopback

Private and special ranges

IPv4

Special-purpose ranges
RangeNameWhat it is
255.255.255.255/32Limited broadcastEvery host on the local network
0.0.0.0/8This networkNot routed; 0.0.0.0 means "any address" in settings
10.0.0.0/8Private (RFC 1918)Office and home networks; not routed on the internet
100.64.0.0/10Shared address space (CGNAT)Used by providers behind carrier-grade NAT (RFC 6598)
127.0.0.0/8LoopbackThis computer
169.254.0.0/16Link-local (APIPA)Self-assigned when no DHCP server answers
172.16.0.0/12Private (RFC 1918)Office and home networks; not routed on the internet
192.0.0.0/24IETF protocol assignmentsSpecial uses such as DS-Lite
192.0.2.0/24Documentation (TEST-NET-1)For examples; never used on a network
192.88.99.0/246to4 relay (deprecated)Formerly anycast for 6to4
192.168.0.0/16Private (RFC 1918)Office and home networks; not routed on the internet
198.18.0.0/15BenchmarkingNetwork equipment testing (RFC 2544)
198.51.100.0/24Documentation (TEST-NET-2)For examples; never used on a network
203.0.113.0/24Documentation (TEST-NET-3)For examples; never used on a network
224.0.0.0/4MulticastOne-to-many traffic, such as IPTV and routing protocols
240.0.0.0/4ReservedFuture use; not usable on most systems

IPv6

Special-purpose ranges
RangeNameWhat it is
::/128UnspecifiedNo address; :: means "any address" in settings
::1/128LoopbackThis computer
::ffff:0:0/96IPv4-mappedAn IPv4 address written as IPv6
64:ff9b::/96NAT64IPv4 addresses reached through a NAT64 gateway
100::/64Discard onlyTraffic sent here is dropped (RFC 6666)
2001:db8::/32DocumentationFor examples; never used on a network
2001::/32TeredoIPv6 tunnelled over IPv4 UDP
2002::/166to4IPv6 tunnelled over IPv4 (largely retired)
3fff::/20DocumentationFor examples (RFC 9637)
fc00::/7Unique local (ULA)Private IPv6, like RFC 1918; usually fd00::/8
fe80::/10Link-localEvery IPv6 interface has one; not routed
ff00::/8MulticastOne-to-many traffic; replaces broadcast
2000::/3Global unicastPublic internet addresses

About this tool

A network is written as an address and a prefix length, such as 192.168.1.0/24: the first 24 bits name the network and the rest number the devices on it. The calculator works out where the network starts and ends, how many devices it holds, its subnet and wildcard masks, and the reverse DNS zone to ask your provider for.

It also splits a network into equal smaller ones (one per VLAN or site), turns a range of addresses into the fewest CIDR blocks for a firewall rule, and lists every IPv4 prefix length and the common IPv6 ones in reference tables.

Common questions

Why are two addresses lost in every IPv4 subnet?

The first address names the network and the last is the broadcast address, so a /24 has 256 addresses but 254 for devices. A /31 (a link between two routers) and a /32 (one host) are the exceptions.

What size of IPv6 network should a LAN use?

Always /64. Devices pick their own address within it (SLAAC), which needs the full 64 bits. A site usually gets a /48 or /56 from its provider, which holds 65,536 or 256 LANs.

What is a wildcard mask?

The subnet mask turned inside out: 255.255.255.0 becomes 0.0.0.255. Cisco access lists and OSPF use it to say which bits must match.

Which ranges can I use inside an office?

IPv4: 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12 and 192.168.0.0/16. IPv6: unique local addresses from fd00::/8, though most networks use the public prefix from their provider.