Speed and call quality testMy IP addressIP subnet calculatorDNS reportWhoIs lookupRemote support

Internet and network

Speed and call quality testTest delay, jitter and speed, with a focus on phone calls.My IP addressYour public IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, provider and address range.WhoIs lookupWho owns a domain or IP address, when it expires, and its DNS.DNS reportEvery DNS record for a domain, with email setup checked.IP subnet calculatorWork out a network's range, mask and hosts, and split it into subnets.

Computers and devices

Update checkIs this computer, phone and browser up to date? With links to update.Camera and mic testCheck your webcam and microphone before a call.Test print pagePrint an A4 page to check a printer: edges, text, line art and colours.

Make and print

Clean textStrip hidden characters, smart quotes and odd spaces from pasted text.QR code makerMake a QR code for a link, contact or message. Nothing leaves your browser.Wi-Fi QR posterPrint an A4 poster that lets guests join your Wi-Fi by scanning.

Surftec support

Remote supportLet a Surftec engineer connect to your computer to help you.All workingA full-screen confirmation that everything is up and running.

Surftec

Surftec websiteServices, news and how to contact Surftec
Cloud Tools
Guest
GuestNot signed in

Surftec customers will be recognised automatically when they use these tools from their office network.

Customer sign-in is coming soon.

IP subnet calculator

Type an address with its prefix or mask to see the network, its usable range and masks. Split it into smaller subnets, or look up any prefix in the reference tables.

Network68.7.0.0/20
Usable hosts4,094
Subnet mask255.255.240.0
Addresses4,096
Network address
68.7.0.0
Broadcast address
68.7.15.255
First usable
68.7.0.1
Last usable
68.7.15.254
Usable hosts
4,094 (4,096 less the network and broadcast addresses)
Subnet mask
255.255.240.0
Wildcard mask
0.0.15.255 (Cisco ACLs, OSPF)
Prefix length
/20
Type
Public public
Old class
A (default /8)
As numbers
Hex 44070000 · Integer 1141309440 to 1141313535
Reverse DNS zones
0.7.68.in-addr.arpa
1.7.68.in-addr.arpa
2.7.68.in-addr.arpa
3.7.68.in-addr.arpa
4.7.68.in-addr.arpa
5.7.68.in-addr.arpa
6.7.68.in-addr.arpa
7.7.68.in-addr.arpa
8.7.68.in-addr.arpa
9.7.68.in-addr.arpa
10.7.68.in-addr.arpa
11.7.68.in-addr.arpa
12.7.68.in-addr.arpa
13.7.68.in-addr.arpa
14.7.68.in-addr.arpa
15.7.68.in-addr.arpa
/20 is not on a 8-bit boundary, so it takes 16 /24 zones.
Binary
Binary view
Binary (network bits bold, host bits grey)Dotted
Address01000100.00000111.00000000.0000000068.7.0.0
Subnet mask11111111.11111111.11110000.00000000255.255.240.0
Network01000100.00000111.00000000.0000000068.7.0.0
Broadcast01000100.00000111.00001111.1111111168.7.15.255
Split into smaller subnets/26
/21 (2)/22 (4)/23 (8)/24 (16)/25 (32)/26 (64)/27 (128)/28 (256)/29 (512)/30 (1,024)/31 (2,048)/32 (4,096)

68.7.0.0/20 makes 64 subnets of /26.

Subnets
#SubnetUsable hosts rangeBroadcastHosts
168.7.0.0/2668.7.0.1 to 68.7.0.6268.7.0.6362
268.7.0.64/2668.7.0.65 to 68.7.0.12668.7.0.12762
368.7.0.128/2668.7.0.129 to 68.7.0.19068.7.0.19162
468.7.0.192/2668.7.0.193 to 68.7.0.25468.7.0.25562
568.7.1.0/2668.7.1.1 to 68.7.1.6268.7.1.6362
668.7.1.64/2668.7.1.65 to 68.7.1.12668.7.1.12762
768.7.1.128/2668.7.1.129 to 68.7.1.19068.7.1.19162
868.7.1.192/2668.7.1.193 to 68.7.1.25468.7.1.25562
968.7.2.0/2668.7.2.1 to 68.7.2.6268.7.2.6362
1068.7.2.64/2668.7.2.65 to 68.7.2.12668.7.2.12762
1168.7.2.128/2668.7.2.129 to 68.7.2.19068.7.2.19162
1268.7.2.192/2668.7.2.193 to 68.7.2.25468.7.2.25562
1368.7.3.0/2668.7.3.1 to 68.7.3.6268.7.3.6362
1468.7.3.64/2668.7.3.65 to 68.7.3.12668.7.3.12762
1568.7.3.128/2668.7.3.129 to 68.7.3.19068.7.3.19162
1668.7.3.192/2668.7.3.193 to 68.7.3.25468.7.3.25562
1768.7.4.0/2668.7.4.1 to 68.7.4.6268.7.4.6362
1868.7.4.64/2668.7.4.65 to 68.7.4.12668.7.4.12762
1968.7.4.128/2668.7.4.129 to 68.7.4.19068.7.4.19162
2068.7.4.192/2668.7.4.193 to 68.7.4.25468.7.4.25562
2168.7.5.0/2668.7.5.1 to 68.7.5.6268.7.5.6362
2268.7.5.64/2668.7.5.65 to 68.7.5.12668.7.5.12762
2368.7.5.128/2668.7.5.129 to 68.7.5.19068.7.5.19162
2468.7.5.192/2668.7.5.193 to 68.7.5.25468.7.5.25562
2568.7.6.0/2668.7.6.1 to 68.7.6.6268.7.6.6362
2668.7.6.64/2668.7.6.65 to 68.7.6.12668.7.6.12762
2768.7.6.128/2668.7.6.129 to 68.7.6.19068.7.6.19162
2868.7.6.192/2668.7.6.193 to 68.7.6.25468.7.6.25562
2968.7.7.0/2668.7.7.1 to 68.7.7.6268.7.7.6362
3068.7.7.64/2668.7.7.65 to 68.7.7.12668.7.7.12762
3168.7.7.128/2668.7.7.129 to 68.7.7.19068.7.7.19162
3268.7.7.192/2668.7.7.193 to 68.7.7.25468.7.7.25562
3368.7.8.0/2668.7.8.1 to 68.7.8.6268.7.8.6362
3468.7.8.64/2668.7.8.65 to 68.7.8.12668.7.8.12762
3568.7.8.128/2668.7.8.129 to 68.7.8.19068.7.8.19162
3668.7.8.192/2668.7.8.193 to 68.7.8.25468.7.8.25562
3768.7.9.0/2668.7.9.1 to 68.7.9.6268.7.9.6362
3868.7.9.64/2668.7.9.65 to 68.7.9.12668.7.9.12762
3968.7.9.128/2668.7.9.129 to 68.7.9.19068.7.9.19162
4068.7.9.192/2668.7.9.193 to 68.7.9.25468.7.9.25562
4168.7.10.0/2668.7.10.1 to 68.7.10.6268.7.10.6362
4268.7.10.64/2668.7.10.65 to 68.7.10.12668.7.10.12762
4368.7.10.128/2668.7.10.129 to 68.7.10.19068.7.10.19162
4468.7.10.192/2668.7.10.193 to 68.7.10.25468.7.10.25562
4568.7.11.0/2668.7.11.1 to 68.7.11.6268.7.11.6362
4668.7.11.64/2668.7.11.65 to 68.7.11.12668.7.11.12762
4768.7.11.128/2668.7.11.129 to 68.7.11.19068.7.11.19162
4868.7.11.192/2668.7.11.193 to 68.7.11.25468.7.11.25562
4968.7.12.0/2668.7.12.1 to 68.7.12.6268.7.12.6362
5068.7.12.64/2668.7.12.65 to 68.7.12.12668.7.12.12762
5168.7.12.128/2668.7.12.129 to 68.7.12.19068.7.12.19162
5268.7.12.192/2668.7.12.193 to 68.7.12.25468.7.12.25562
5368.7.13.0/2668.7.13.1 to 68.7.13.6268.7.13.6362
5468.7.13.64/2668.7.13.65 to 68.7.13.12668.7.13.12762
5568.7.13.128/2668.7.13.129 to 68.7.13.19068.7.13.19162
5668.7.13.192/2668.7.13.193 to 68.7.13.25468.7.13.25562
5768.7.14.0/2668.7.14.1 to 68.7.14.6268.7.14.6362
5868.7.14.64/2668.7.14.65 to 68.7.14.12668.7.14.12762
5968.7.14.128/2668.7.14.129 to 68.7.14.19068.7.14.19162
6068.7.14.192/2668.7.14.193 to 68.7.14.25468.7.14.25562
6168.7.15.0/2668.7.15.1 to 68.7.15.6268.7.15.6362
6268.7.15.64/2668.7.15.65 to 68.7.15.12668.7.15.12762
6368.7.15.128/2668.7.15.129 to 68.7.15.19068.7.15.19162
6468.7.15.192/2668.7.15.193 to 68.7.15.25468.7.15.25562

IPv4 CIDR reference (/0 to /32)

IPv4 prefix lengths
PrefixSubnet maskWildcardAddressesUsable hostsSizeTypical use
/00.0.0.0255.255.255.2554,294,967,2964,294,967,29416,777,216 × /24
/1128.0.0.0127.255.255.2552,147,483,6482,147,483,6468,388,608 × /24
/2192.0.0.063.255.255.2551,073,741,8241,073,741,8224,194,304 × /24
/3224.0.0.031.255.255.255536,870,912536,870,9102,097,152 × /24
/4240.0.0.015.255.255.255268,435,456268,435,4541,048,576 × /24
/5248.0.0.07.255.255.255134,217,728134,217,726524,288 × /24
/6252.0.0.03.255.255.25567,108,86467,108,862262,144 × /24
/7254.0.0.01.255.255.25533,554,43233,554,430131,072 × /24
/8255.0.0.00.255.255.25516,777,21616,777,21465,536 × /24Old class A; 10.0.0.0/8
/9255.128.0.00.127.255.2558,388,6088,388,60632,768 × /24
/10255.192.0.00.63.255.2554,194,3044,194,30216,384 × /24
/11255.224.0.00.31.255.2552,097,1522,097,1508,192 × /24
/12255.240.0.00.15.255.2551,048,5761,048,5744,096 × /24172.16.0.0/12
/13255.248.0.00.7.255.255524,288524,2862,048 × /24
/14255.252.0.00.3.255.255262,144262,1421,024 × /24
/15255.254.0.00.1.255.255131,072131,070512 × /24
/16255.255.0.00.0.255.25565,53665,534256 × /24Old class B; 192.168.0.0/16
/17255.255.128.00.0.127.25532,76832,766128 × /24
/18255.255.192.00.0.63.25516,38416,38264 × /24
/19255.255.224.00.0.31.2558,1928,19032 × /24
/20255.255.240.00.0.15.2554,0964,09416 × /24
/21255.255.248.00.0.7.2552,0482,0468 × /24
/22255.255.252.00.0.3.2551,0241,0224 × /24Large office or guest Wi-Fi (1,022 hosts)
/23255.255.254.00.0.1.2555125102 × /24Larger office LAN (510 hosts)
/24255.255.255.00.0.0.2552562541 × /24Typical office LAN (old class C)
/25255.255.255.1280.0.0.1271281261/2 of a /24Smaller LAN or VLAN
/26255.255.255.1920.0.0.6364621/4 of a /24Smaller LAN or VLAN
/27255.255.255.2240.0.0.3132301/8 of a /24Small VLAN, phones, cameras
/28255.255.255.2400.0.0.1516141/16 of a /24Small VLAN, phones, cameras
/29255.255.255.2480.0.0.7861/32 of a /24Small fixed public block (5 usable)
/30255.255.255.2520.0.0.3421/64 of a /24Point-to-point (old style)
/31255.255.255.2540.0.0.1221/128 of a /24Point-to-point link (RFC 3021)
/32255.255.255.2550.0.0.0111/256 of a /24One host

IPv6 prefix reference

IPv6 prefix lengths
PrefixAddresses/64 LANs/48 sitesNibbleTypical use
/342,535,295,865,117,307,932,921,825,928,971,026,432 (2^125)2,305,843,009,213,693,95235,184,372,088,832NoAll global unicast (2000::/3)
/165,192,296,858,534,827,628,530,496,329,220,096 (2^112)281,474,976,710,6564,294,967,296Yes
/20324,518,553,658,426,726,783,156,020,576,256 (2^108)17,592,186,044,416268,435,456YesLarge provider allocation (RIPE minimum for some)
/29633,825,300,114,114,700,748,351,602,688 (2^99)34,359,738,368524,288NoRIPE allocation to a provider (often)
/3279,228,162,514,264,337,593,543,950,336 (2^96)4,294,967,29665,536YesProvider allocation (RIPE default)
/364,951,760,157,141,521,099,596,496,896 (2^92)268,435,4564,096Yes
/40309,485,009,821,345,068,724,781,056 (2^88)16,777,216256Yes
/4419,342,813,113,834,066,795,298,816 (2^84)1,048,57616Yes
/481,208,925,819,614,629,174,706,176 (2^80)65,5361YesOne site or organisation (RIPE PI / assignment)
/5275,557,863,725,914,323,419,136 (2^76)4,096Yes
/564,722,366,482,869,645,213,696 (2^72)256YesSmall site or home (common provider assignment)
/60295,147,905,179,352,825,856 (2^68)16YesSome home broadband (16 LANs)
/6418,446,744,073,709,551,616 (2^64)1YesOne LAN or VLAN (needed for SLAAC)
/7272,057,594,037,927,936 (2^56)1/256 of a /64Yes
/80281,474,976,710,656 (2^48)1/65,536 of a /64Yes
/964,294,967,2961/4,294,967,296 of a /64YesEmbeds an IPv4 address (NAT64)
/11265,5361/281,474,976,710,656 of a /64Yes
/1202561/72,057,594,037,927,936 of a /64Yes
/124161/1,152,921,504,606,846,976 of a /64Yes
/12641/4,611,686,018,427,387,904 of a /64No
/12721/9,223,372,036,854,775,808 of a /64NoPoint-to-point link (RFC 6164)
/12811/18,446,744,073,709,551,616 of a /64YesOne host or loopback

Private and special ranges

IPv4

Special-purpose ranges
RangeNameWhat it is
255.255.255.255/32Limited broadcastEvery host on the local network
0.0.0.0/8This networkNot routed; 0.0.0.0 means "any address" in settings
10.0.0.0/8Private (RFC 1918)Office and home networks; not routed on the internet
100.64.0.0/10Shared address space (CGNAT)Used by providers behind carrier-grade NAT (RFC 6598)
127.0.0.0/8LoopbackThis computer
169.254.0.0/16Link-local (APIPA)Self-assigned when no DHCP server answers
172.16.0.0/12Private (RFC 1918)Office and home networks; not routed on the internet
192.0.0.0/24IETF protocol assignmentsSpecial uses such as DS-Lite
192.0.2.0/24Documentation (TEST-NET-1)For examples; never used on a network
192.88.99.0/246to4 relay (deprecated)Formerly anycast for 6to4
192.168.0.0/16Private (RFC 1918)Office and home networks; not routed on the internet
198.18.0.0/15BenchmarkingNetwork equipment testing (RFC 2544)
198.51.100.0/24Documentation (TEST-NET-2)For examples; never used on a network
203.0.113.0/24Documentation (TEST-NET-3)For examples; never used on a network
224.0.0.0/4MulticastOne-to-many traffic, such as IPTV and routing protocols
240.0.0.0/4ReservedFuture use; not usable on most systems

IPv6

Special-purpose ranges
RangeNameWhat it is
::/128UnspecifiedNo address; :: means "any address" in settings
::1/128LoopbackThis computer
::ffff:0:0/96IPv4-mappedAn IPv4 address written as IPv6
64:ff9b::/96NAT64IPv4 addresses reached through a NAT64 gateway
100::/64Discard onlyTraffic sent here is dropped (RFC 6666)
2001:db8::/32DocumentationFor examples; never used on a network
2001::/32TeredoIPv6 tunnelled over IPv4 UDP
2002::/166to4IPv6 tunnelled over IPv4 (largely retired)
3fff::/20DocumentationFor examples (RFC 9637)
fc00::/7Unique local (ULA)Private IPv6, like RFC 1918; usually fd00::/8
fe80::/10Link-localEvery IPv6 interface has one; not routed
ff00::/8MulticastOne-to-many traffic; replaces broadcast
2000::/3Global unicastPublic internet addresses

About this tool

A network is written as an address and a prefix length, such as 192.168.1.0/24: the first 24 bits name the network and the rest number the devices on it. The calculator works out where the network starts and ends, how many devices it holds, its subnet and wildcard masks, and the reverse DNS zone to ask your provider for.

It also splits a network into equal smaller ones (one per VLAN or site), turns a range of addresses into the fewest CIDR blocks for a firewall rule, and lists every IPv4 prefix length and the common IPv6 ones in reference tables.

Common questions

Why are two addresses lost in every IPv4 subnet?

The first address names the network and the last is the broadcast address, so a /24 has 256 addresses but 254 for devices. A /31 (a link between two routers) and a /32 (one host) are the exceptions.

What size of IPv6 network should a LAN use?

Always /64. Devices pick their own address within it (SLAAC), which needs the full 64 bits. A site usually gets a /48 or /56 from its provider, which holds 65,536 or 256 LANs.

What is a wildcard mask?

The subnet mask turned inside out: 255.255.255.0 becomes 0.0.0.255. Cisco access lists and OSPF use it to say which bits must match.

Which ranges can I use inside an office?

IPv4: 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12 and 192.168.0.0/16. IPv6: unique local addresses from fd00::/8, though most networks use the public prefix from their provider.