IP subnet calculator
Type an address with its prefix or mask to see the network, its usable range and masks. Split it into smaller subnets, or look up any prefix in the reference tables.
Network78.131.0.0/20
Usable hosts4,094
Subnet mask255.255.240.0
Addresses4,096
- Network address
78.131.0.0- Broadcast address
78.131.15.255- First usable
78.131.0.1- Last usable
78.131.15.254- Usable hosts
- 4,094 (4,096 less the network and broadcast addresses)
- Subnet mask
255.255.240.0- Wildcard mask
0.0.15.255(Cisco ACLs, OSPF)- Prefix length
- /20
- Type
- Public public
- Old class
- A (default /8)
- As numbers
- Hex
4E830000· Integer1317208064to1317212159 - Reverse DNS zones
0.131.78.in-addr.arpa1.131.78.in-addr.arpa2.131.78.in-addr.arpa3.131.78.in-addr.arpa4.131.78.in-addr.arpa5.131.78.in-addr.arpa6.131.78.in-addr.arpa7.131.78.in-addr.arpa8.131.78.in-addr.arpa9.131.78.in-addr.arpa10.131.78.in-addr.arpa11.131.78.in-addr.arpa12.131.78.in-addr.arpa13.131.78.in-addr.arpa14.131.78.in-addr.arpa15.131.78.in-addr.arpa
/20 is not on a 8-bit boundary, so it takes 16 /24 zones.
Binary
| Binary (network bits bold, host bits grey) | Dotted | |
|---|---|---|
| Address | 01001110.10000011.00000000.00000000 | 78.131.0.0 |
| Subnet mask | 11111111.11111111.11110000.00000000 | 255.255.240.0 |
| Network | 01001110.10000011.00000000.00000000 | 78.131.0.0 |
| Broadcast | 01001110.10000011.00001111.11111111 | 78.131.15.255 |
Split into smaller subnets
/21 (2)/22 (4)/23 (8)/24 (16)/25 (32)/26 (64)/27 (128)/28 (256)/29 (512)/30 (1,024)/31 (2,048)/32 (4,096)
78.131.0.0/20 makes 64 subnets of /26.
| # | Subnet | Usable hosts range | Broadcast | Hosts |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 78.131.0.0/26 | 78.131.0.1 to 78.131.0.62 | 78.131.0.63 | 62 |
| 2 | 78.131.0.64/26 | 78.131.0.65 to 78.131.0.126 | 78.131.0.127 | 62 |
| 3 | 78.131.0.128/26 | 78.131.0.129 to 78.131.0.190 | 78.131.0.191 | 62 |
| 4 | 78.131.0.192/26 | 78.131.0.193 to 78.131.0.254 | 78.131.0.255 | 62 |
| 5 | 78.131.1.0/26 | 78.131.1.1 to 78.131.1.62 | 78.131.1.63 | 62 |
| 6 | 78.131.1.64/26 | 78.131.1.65 to 78.131.1.126 | 78.131.1.127 | 62 |
| 7 | 78.131.1.128/26 | 78.131.1.129 to 78.131.1.190 | 78.131.1.191 | 62 |
| 8 | 78.131.1.192/26 | 78.131.1.193 to 78.131.1.254 | 78.131.1.255 | 62 |
| 9 | 78.131.2.0/26 | 78.131.2.1 to 78.131.2.62 | 78.131.2.63 | 62 |
| 10 | 78.131.2.64/26 | 78.131.2.65 to 78.131.2.126 | 78.131.2.127 | 62 |
| 11 | 78.131.2.128/26 | 78.131.2.129 to 78.131.2.190 | 78.131.2.191 | 62 |
| 12 | 78.131.2.192/26 | 78.131.2.193 to 78.131.2.254 | 78.131.2.255 | 62 |
| 13 | 78.131.3.0/26 | 78.131.3.1 to 78.131.3.62 | 78.131.3.63 | 62 |
| 14 | 78.131.3.64/26 | 78.131.3.65 to 78.131.3.126 | 78.131.3.127 | 62 |
| 15 | 78.131.3.128/26 | 78.131.3.129 to 78.131.3.190 | 78.131.3.191 | 62 |
| 16 | 78.131.3.192/26 | 78.131.3.193 to 78.131.3.254 | 78.131.3.255 | 62 |
| 17 | 78.131.4.0/26 | 78.131.4.1 to 78.131.4.62 | 78.131.4.63 | 62 |
| 18 | 78.131.4.64/26 | 78.131.4.65 to 78.131.4.126 | 78.131.4.127 | 62 |
| 19 | 78.131.4.128/26 | 78.131.4.129 to 78.131.4.190 | 78.131.4.191 | 62 |
| 20 | 78.131.4.192/26 | 78.131.4.193 to 78.131.4.254 | 78.131.4.255 | 62 |
| 21 | 78.131.5.0/26 | 78.131.5.1 to 78.131.5.62 | 78.131.5.63 | 62 |
| 22 | 78.131.5.64/26 | 78.131.5.65 to 78.131.5.126 | 78.131.5.127 | 62 |
| 23 | 78.131.5.128/26 | 78.131.5.129 to 78.131.5.190 | 78.131.5.191 | 62 |
| 24 | 78.131.5.192/26 | 78.131.5.193 to 78.131.5.254 | 78.131.5.255 | 62 |
| 25 | 78.131.6.0/26 | 78.131.6.1 to 78.131.6.62 | 78.131.6.63 | 62 |
| 26 | 78.131.6.64/26 | 78.131.6.65 to 78.131.6.126 | 78.131.6.127 | 62 |
| 27 | 78.131.6.128/26 | 78.131.6.129 to 78.131.6.190 | 78.131.6.191 | 62 |
| 28 | 78.131.6.192/26 | 78.131.6.193 to 78.131.6.254 | 78.131.6.255 | 62 |
| 29 | 78.131.7.0/26 | 78.131.7.1 to 78.131.7.62 | 78.131.7.63 | 62 |
| 30 | 78.131.7.64/26 | 78.131.7.65 to 78.131.7.126 | 78.131.7.127 | 62 |
| 31 | 78.131.7.128/26 | 78.131.7.129 to 78.131.7.190 | 78.131.7.191 | 62 |
| 32 | 78.131.7.192/26 | 78.131.7.193 to 78.131.7.254 | 78.131.7.255 | 62 |
| 33 | 78.131.8.0/26 | 78.131.8.1 to 78.131.8.62 | 78.131.8.63 | 62 |
| 34 | 78.131.8.64/26 | 78.131.8.65 to 78.131.8.126 | 78.131.8.127 | 62 |
| 35 | 78.131.8.128/26 | 78.131.8.129 to 78.131.8.190 | 78.131.8.191 | 62 |
| 36 | 78.131.8.192/26 | 78.131.8.193 to 78.131.8.254 | 78.131.8.255 | 62 |
| 37 | 78.131.9.0/26 | 78.131.9.1 to 78.131.9.62 | 78.131.9.63 | 62 |
| 38 | 78.131.9.64/26 | 78.131.9.65 to 78.131.9.126 | 78.131.9.127 | 62 |
| 39 | 78.131.9.128/26 | 78.131.9.129 to 78.131.9.190 | 78.131.9.191 | 62 |
| 40 | 78.131.9.192/26 | 78.131.9.193 to 78.131.9.254 | 78.131.9.255 | 62 |
| 41 | 78.131.10.0/26 | 78.131.10.1 to 78.131.10.62 | 78.131.10.63 | 62 |
| 42 | 78.131.10.64/26 | 78.131.10.65 to 78.131.10.126 | 78.131.10.127 | 62 |
| 43 | 78.131.10.128/26 | 78.131.10.129 to 78.131.10.190 | 78.131.10.191 | 62 |
| 44 | 78.131.10.192/26 | 78.131.10.193 to 78.131.10.254 | 78.131.10.255 | 62 |
| 45 | 78.131.11.0/26 | 78.131.11.1 to 78.131.11.62 | 78.131.11.63 | 62 |
| 46 | 78.131.11.64/26 | 78.131.11.65 to 78.131.11.126 | 78.131.11.127 | 62 |
| 47 | 78.131.11.128/26 | 78.131.11.129 to 78.131.11.190 | 78.131.11.191 | 62 |
| 48 | 78.131.11.192/26 | 78.131.11.193 to 78.131.11.254 | 78.131.11.255 | 62 |
| 49 | 78.131.12.0/26 | 78.131.12.1 to 78.131.12.62 | 78.131.12.63 | 62 |
| 50 | 78.131.12.64/26 | 78.131.12.65 to 78.131.12.126 | 78.131.12.127 | 62 |
| 51 | 78.131.12.128/26 | 78.131.12.129 to 78.131.12.190 | 78.131.12.191 | 62 |
| 52 | 78.131.12.192/26 | 78.131.12.193 to 78.131.12.254 | 78.131.12.255 | 62 |
| 53 | 78.131.13.0/26 | 78.131.13.1 to 78.131.13.62 | 78.131.13.63 | 62 |
| 54 | 78.131.13.64/26 | 78.131.13.65 to 78.131.13.126 | 78.131.13.127 | 62 |
| 55 | 78.131.13.128/26 | 78.131.13.129 to 78.131.13.190 | 78.131.13.191 | 62 |
| 56 | 78.131.13.192/26 | 78.131.13.193 to 78.131.13.254 | 78.131.13.255 | 62 |
| 57 | 78.131.14.0/26 | 78.131.14.1 to 78.131.14.62 | 78.131.14.63 | 62 |
| 58 | 78.131.14.64/26 | 78.131.14.65 to 78.131.14.126 | 78.131.14.127 | 62 |
| 59 | 78.131.14.128/26 | 78.131.14.129 to 78.131.14.190 | 78.131.14.191 | 62 |
| 60 | 78.131.14.192/26 | 78.131.14.193 to 78.131.14.254 | 78.131.14.255 | 62 |
| 61 | 78.131.15.0/26 | 78.131.15.1 to 78.131.15.62 | 78.131.15.63 | 62 |
| 62 | 78.131.15.64/26 | 78.131.15.65 to 78.131.15.126 | 78.131.15.127 | 62 |
| 63 | 78.131.15.128/26 | 78.131.15.129 to 78.131.15.190 | 78.131.15.191 | 62 |
| 64 | 78.131.15.192/26 | 78.131.15.193 to 78.131.15.254 | 78.131.15.255 | 62 |
IPv4 CIDR reference (/0 to /32)
| Prefix | Subnet mask | Wildcard | Addresses | Usable hosts | Size | Typical use |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| /0 | 0.0.0.0 | 255.255.255.255 | 4,294,967,296 | 4,294,967,294 | 16,777,216 × /24 | |
| /1 | 128.0.0.0 | 127.255.255.255 | 2,147,483,648 | 2,147,483,646 | 8,388,608 × /24 | |
| /2 | 192.0.0.0 | 63.255.255.255 | 1,073,741,824 | 1,073,741,822 | 4,194,304 × /24 | |
| /3 | 224.0.0.0 | 31.255.255.255 | 536,870,912 | 536,870,910 | 2,097,152 × /24 | |
| /4 | 240.0.0.0 | 15.255.255.255 | 268,435,456 | 268,435,454 | 1,048,576 × /24 | |
| /5 | 248.0.0.0 | 7.255.255.255 | 134,217,728 | 134,217,726 | 524,288 × /24 | |
| /6 | 252.0.0.0 | 3.255.255.255 | 67,108,864 | 67,108,862 | 262,144 × /24 | |
| /7 | 254.0.0.0 | 1.255.255.255 | 33,554,432 | 33,554,430 | 131,072 × /24 | |
| /8 | 255.0.0.0 | 0.255.255.255 | 16,777,216 | 16,777,214 | 65,536 × /24 | Old class A; 10.0.0.0/8 |
| /9 | 255.128.0.0 | 0.127.255.255 | 8,388,608 | 8,388,606 | 32,768 × /24 | |
| /10 | 255.192.0.0 | 0.63.255.255 | 4,194,304 | 4,194,302 | 16,384 × /24 | |
| /11 | 255.224.0.0 | 0.31.255.255 | 2,097,152 | 2,097,150 | 8,192 × /24 | |
| /12 | 255.240.0.0 | 0.15.255.255 | 1,048,576 | 1,048,574 | 4,096 × /24 | 172.16.0.0/12 |
| /13 | 255.248.0.0 | 0.7.255.255 | 524,288 | 524,286 | 2,048 × /24 | |
| /14 | 255.252.0.0 | 0.3.255.255 | 262,144 | 262,142 | 1,024 × /24 | |
| /15 | 255.254.0.0 | 0.1.255.255 | 131,072 | 131,070 | 512 × /24 | |
| /16 | 255.255.0.0 | 0.0.255.255 | 65,536 | 65,534 | 256 × /24 | Old class B; 192.168.0.0/16 |
| /17 | 255.255.128.0 | 0.0.127.255 | 32,768 | 32,766 | 128 × /24 | |
| /18 | 255.255.192.0 | 0.0.63.255 | 16,384 | 16,382 | 64 × /24 | |
| /19 | 255.255.224.0 | 0.0.31.255 | 8,192 | 8,190 | 32 × /24 | |
| /20 | 255.255.240.0 | 0.0.15.255 | 4,096 | 4,094 | 16 × /24 | |
| /21 | 255.255.248.0 | 0.0.7.255 | 2,048 | 2,046 | 8 × /24 | |
| /22 | 255.255.252.0 | 0.0.3.255 | 1,024 | 1,022 | 4 × /24 | Large office or guest Wi-Fi (1,022 hosts) |
| /23 | 255.255.254.0 | 0.0.1.255 | 512 | 510 | 2 × /24 | Larger office LAN (510 hosts) |
| /24 | 255.255.255.0 | 0.0.0.255 | 256 | 254 | 1 × /24 | Typical office LAN (old class C) |
| /25 | 255.255.255.128 | 0.0.0.127 | 128 | 126 | 1/2 of a /24 | Smaller LAN or VLAN |
| /26 | 255.255.255.192 | 0.0.0.63 | 64 | 62 | 1/4 of a /24 | Smaller LAN or VLAN |
| /27 | 255.255.255.224 | 0.0.0.31 | 32 | 30 | 1/8 of a /24 | Small VLAN, phones, cameras |
| /28 | 255.255.255.240 | 0.0.0.15 | 16 | 14 | 1/16 of a /24 | Small VLAN, phones, cameras |
| /29 | 255.255.255.248 | 0.0.0.7 | 8 | 6 | 1/32 of a /24 | Small fixed public block (5 usable) |
| /30 | 255.255.255.252 | 0.0.0.3 | 4 | 2 | 1/64 of a /24 | Point-to-point (old style) |
| /31 | 255.255.255.254 | 0.0.0.1 | 2 | 2 | 1/128 of a /24 | Point-to-point link (RFC 3021) |
| /32 | 255.255.255.255 | 0.0.0.0 | 1 | 1 | 1/256 of a /24 | One host |
IPv6 prefix reference
| Prefix | Addresses | /64 LANs | /48 sites | Nibble | Typical use |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| /3 | 42,535,295,865,117,307,932,921,825,928,971,026,432 (2^125) | 2,305,843,009,213,693,952 | 35,184,372,088,832 | No | All global unicast (2000::/3) |
| /16 | 5,192,296,858,534,827,628,530,496,329,220,096 (2^112) | 281,474,976,710,656 | 4,294,967,296 | Yes | |
| /20 | 324,518,553,658,426,726,783,156,020,576,256 (2^108) | 17,592,186,044,416 | 268,435,456 | Yes | Large provider allocation (RIPE minimum for some) |
| /29 | 633,825,300,114,114,700,748,351,602,688 (2^99) | 34,359,738,368 | 524,288 | No | RIPE allocation to a provider (often) |
| /32 | 79,228,162,514,264,337,593,543,950,336 (2^96) | 4,294,967,296 | 65,536 | Yes | Provider allocation (RIPE default) |
| /36 | 4,951,760,157,141,521,099,596,496,896 (2^92) | 268,435,456 | 4,096 | Yes | |
| /40 | 309,485,009,821,345,068,724,781,056 (2^88) | 16,777,216 | 256 | Yes | |
| /44 | 19,342,813,113,834,066,795,298,816 (2^84) | 1,048,576 | 16 | Yes | |
| /48 | 1,208,925,819,614,629,174,706,176 (2^80) | 65,536 | 1 | Yes | One site or organisation (RIPE PI / assignment) |
| /52 | 75,557,863,725,914,323,419,136 (2^76) | 4,096 | Yes | ||
| /56 | 4,722,366,482,869,645,213,696 (2^72) | 256 | Yes | Small site or home (common provider assignment) | |
| /60 | 295,147,905,179,352,825,856 (2^68) | 16 | Yes | Some home broadband (16 LANs) | |
| /64 | 18,446,744,073,709,551,616 (2^64) | 1 | Yes | One LAN or VLAN (needed for SLAAC) | |
| /72 | 72,057,594,037,927,936 (2^56) | 1/256 of a /64 | Yes | ||
| /80 | 281,474,976,710,656 (2^48) | 1/65,536 of a /64 | Yes | ||
| /96 | 4,294,967,296 | 1/4,294,967,296 of a /64 | Yes | Embeds an IPv4 address (NAT64) | |
| /112 | 65,536 | 1/281,474,976,710,656 of a /64 | Yes | ||
| /120 | 256 | 1/72,057,594,037,927,936 of a /64 | Yes | ||
| /124 | 16 | 1/1,152,921,504,606,846,976 of a /64 | Yes | ||
| /126 | 4 | 1/4,611,686,018,427,387,904 of a /64 | No | ||
| /127 | 2 | 1/9,223,372,036,854,775,808 of a /64 | No | Point-to-point link (RFC 6164) | |
| /128 | 1 | 1/18,446,744,073,709,551,616 of a /64 | Yes | One host or loopback |
Private and special ranges
IPv4
| Range | Name | What it is |
|---|---|---|
255.255.255.255/32 | Limited broadcast | Every host on the local network |
0.0.0.0/8 | This network | Not routed; 0.0.0.0 means "any address" in settings |
10.0.0.0/8 | Private (RFC 1918) | Office and home networks; not routed on the internet |
100.64.0.0/10 | Shared address space (CGNAT) | Used by providers behind carrier-grade NAT (RFC 6598) |
127.0.0.0/8 | Loopback | This computer |
169.254.0.0/16 | Link-local (APIPA) | Self-assigned when no DHCP server answers |
172.16.0.0/12 | Private (RFC 1918) | Office and home networks; not routed on the internet |
192.0.0.0/24 | IETF protocol assignments | Special uses such as DS-Lite |
192.0.2.0/24 | Documentation (TEST-NET-1) | For examples; never used on a network |
192.88.99.0/24 | 6to4 relay (deprecated) | Formerly anycast for 6to4 |
192.168.0.0/16 | Private (RFC 1918) | Office and home networks; not routed on the internet |
198.18.0.0/15 | Benchmarking | Network equipment testing (RFC 2544) |
198.51.100.0/24 | Documentation (TEST-NET-2) | For examples; never used on a network |
203.0.113.0/24 | Documentation (TEST-NET-3) | For examples; never used on a network |
224.0.0.0/4 | Multicast | One-to-many traffic, such as IPTV and routing protocols |
240.0.0.0/4 | Reserved | Future use; not usable on most systems |
IPv6
| Range | Name | What it is |
|---|---|---|
::/128 | Unspecified | No address; :: means "any address" in settings |
::1/128 | Loopback | This computer |
::ffff:0:0/96 | IPv4-mapped | An IPv4 address written as IPv6 |
64:ff9b::/96 | NAT64 | IPv4 addresses reached through a NAT64 gateway |
100::/64 | Discard only | Traffic sent here is dropped (RFC 6666) |
2001:db8::/32 | Documentation | For examples; never used on a network |
2001::/32 | Teredo | IPv6 tunnelled over IPv4 UDP |
2002::/16 | 6to4 | IPv6 tunnelled over IPv4 (largely retired) |
3fff::/20 | Documentation | For examples (RFC 9637) |
fc00::/7 | Unique local (ULA) | Private IPv6, like RFC 1918; usually fd00::/8 |
fe80::/10 | Link-local | Every IPv6 interface has one; not routed |
ff00::/8 | Multicast | One-to-many traffic; replaces broadcast |
2000::/3 | Global unicast | Public internet addresses |