Speed and call quality testMy IP addressIP subnet calculatorDNS reportWhoIs lookupRemote support

Internet and network

Speed and call quality testTest delay, jitter and speed, with a focus on phone calls.My IP addressYour public IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, provider and address range.WhoIs lookupWho owns a domain or IP address, when it expires, and its DNS.DNS reportEvery DNS record for a domain, with email setup checked.IP subnet calculatorWork out a network's range, mask and hosts, and split it into subnets.

Computers and devices

Update checkIs this computer, phone and browser up to date? With links to update.Camera and mic testCheck your webcam and microphone before a call.Test print pagePrint an A4 page to check a printer: edges, text, line art and colours.

Make and print

Clean textStrip hidden characters, smart quotes and odd spaces from pasted text.QR code makerMake a QR code for a link, contact or message. Nothing leaves your browser.Wi-Fi QR posterPrint an A4 poster that lets guests join your Wi-Fi by scanning.

Surftec support

Remote supportLet a Surftec engineer connect to your computer to help you.All workingA full-screen confirmation that everything is up and running.

Surftec

Surftec websiteServices, news and how to contact Surftec
Cloud Tools
Guest
GuestNot signed in

Surftec customers will be recognised automatically when they use these tools from their office network.

Customer sign-in is coming soon.

IP subnet calculator

Type an address with its prefix or mask to see the network, its usable range and masks. Split it into smaller subnets, or look up any prefix in the reference tables.

Network97.83.0.0/17
Usable hosts32,766
Subnet mask255.255.128.0
Addresses32,768
Network address
97.83.0.0
Broadcast address
97.83.127.255
First usable
97.83.0.1
Last usable
97.83.127.254
Usable hosts
32,766 (32,768 less the network and broadcast addresses)
Subnet mask
255.255.128.0
Wildcard mask
0.0.127.255 (Cisco ACLs, OSPF)
Prefix length
/17
Type
Public public
Old class
A (default /8)
As numbers
Hex 61530000 · Integer 1632829440 to 1632862207
Reverse DNS zones
0.83.97.in-addr.arpa
1.83.97.in-addr.arpa
2.83.97.in-addr.arpa
3.83.97.in-addr.arpa
4.83.97.in-addr.arpa
5.83.97.in-addr.arpa
6.83.97.in-addr.arpa
7.83.97.in-addr.arpa
8.83.97.in-addr.arpa
9.83.97.in-addr.arpa
10.83.97.in-addr.arpa
11.83.97.in-addr.arpa
12.83.97.in-addr.arpa
13.83.97.in-addr.arpa
14.83.97.in-addr.arpa
15.83.97.in-addr.arpa
and 112 more
/17 is not on a 8-bit boundary, so it takes 128 /24 zones.
Binary
Binary view
Binary (network bits bold, host bits grey)Dotted
Address01100001.01010011.00000000.0000000097.83.0.0
Subnet mask11111111.11111111.10000000.00000000255.255.128.0
Network01100001.01010011.00000000.0000000097.83.0.0
Broadcast01100001.01010011.01111111.1111111197.83.127.255
Split into smaller subnets/24
/18 (2)/19 (4)/20 (8)/21 (16)/22 (32)/23 (64)/24 (128)/25 (256)/26 (512)/27 (1,024)/28 (2,048)/29 (4,096)

97.83.0.0/17 makes 128 subnets of /24.

Subnets
#SubnetUsable hosts rangeBroadcastHosts
197.83.0.0/2497.83.0.1 to 97.83.0.25497.83.0.255254
297.83.1.0/2497.83.1.1 to 97.83.1.25497.83.1.255254
397.83.2.0/2497.83.2.1 to 97.83.2.25497.83.2.255254
497.83.3.0/2497.83.3.1 to 97.83.3.25497.83.3.255254
597.83.4.0/2497.83.4.1 to 97.83.4.25497.83.4.255254
697.83.5.0/2497.83.5.1 to 97.83.5.25497.83.5.255254
797.83.6.0/2497.83.6.1 to 97.83.6.25497.83.6.255254
897.83.7.0/2497.83.7.1 to 97.83.7.25497.83.7.255254
997.83.8.0/2497.83.8.1 to 97.83.8.25497.83.8.255254
1097.83.9.0/2497.83.9.1 to 97.83.9.25497.83.9.255254
1197.83.10.0/2497.83.10.1 to 97.83.10.25497.83.10.255254
1297.83.11.0/2497.83.11.1 to 97.83.11.25497.83.11.255254
1397.83.12.0/2497.83.12.1 to 97.83.12.25497.83.12.255254
1497.83.13.0/2497.83.13.1 to 97.83.13.25497.83.13.255254
1597.83.14.0/2497.83.14.1 to 97.83.14.25497.83.14.255254
1697.83.15.0/2497.83.15.1 to 97.83.15.25497.83.15.255254
1797.83.16.0/2497.83.16.1 to 97.83.16.25497.83.16.255254
1897.83.17.0/2497.83.17.1 to 97.83.17.25497.83.17.255254
1997.83.18.0/2497.83.18.1 to 97.83.18.25497.83.18.255254
2097.83.19.0/2497.83.19.1 to 97.83.19.25497.83.19.255254
2197.83.20.0/2497.83.20.1 to 97.83.20.25497.83.20.255254
2297.83.21.0/2497.83.21.1 to 97.83.21.25497.83.21.255254
2397.83.22.0/2497.83.22.1 to 97.83.22.25497.83.22.255254
2497.83.23.0/2497.83.23.1 to 97.83.23.25497.83.23.255254
2597.83.24.0/2497.83.24.1 to 97.83.24.25497.83.24.255254
2697.83.25.0/2497.83.25.1 to 97.83.25.25497.83.25.255254
2797.83.26.0/2497.83.26.1 to 97.83.26.25497.83.26.255254
2897.83.27.0/2497.83.27.1 to 97.83.27.25497.83.27.255254
2997.83.28.0/2497.83.28.1 to 97.83.28.25497.83.28.255254
3097.83.29.0/2497.83.29.1 to 97.83.29.25497.83.29.255254
3197.83.30.0/2497.83.30.1 to 97.83.30.25497.83.30.255254
3297.83.31.0/2497.83.31.1 to 97.83.31.25497.83.31.255254
3397.83.32.0/2497.83.32.1 to 97.83.32.25497.83.32.255254
3497.83.33.0/2497.83.33.1 to 97.83.33.25497.83.33.255254
3597.83.34.0/2497.83.34.1 to 97.83.34.25497.83.34.255254
3697.83.35.0/2497.83.35.1 to 97.83.35.25497.83.35.255254
3797.83.36.0/2497.83.36.1 to 97.83.36.25497.83.36.255254
3897.83.37.0/2497.83.37.1 to 97.83.37.25497.83.37.255254
3997.83.38.0/2497.83.38.1 to 97.83.38.25497.83.38.255254
4097.83.39.0/2497.83.39.1 to 97.83.39.25497.83.39.255254
4197.83.40.0/2497.83.40.1 to 97.83.40.25497.83.40.255254
4297.83.41.0/2497.83.41.1 to 97.83.41.25497.83.41.255254
4397.83.42.0/2497.83.42.1 to 97.83.42.25497.83.42.255254
4497.83.43.0/2497.83.43.1 to 97.83.43.25497.83.43.255254
4597.83.44.0/2497.83.44.1 to 97.83.44.25497.83.44.255254
4697.83.45.0/2497.83.45.1 to 97.83.45.25497.83.45.255254
4797.83.46.0/2497.83.46.1 to 97.83.46.25497.83.46.255254
4897.83.47.0/2497.83.47.1 to 97.83.47.25497.83.47.255254
4997.83.48.0/2497.83.48.1 to 97.83.48.25497.83.48.255254
5097.83.49.0/2497.83.49.1 to 97.83.49.25497.83.49.255254
5197.83.50.0/2497.83.50.1 to 97.83.50.25497.83.50.255254
5297.83.51.0/2497.83.51.1 to 97.83.51.25497.83.51.255254
5397.83.52.0/2497.83.52.1 to 97.83.52.25497.83.52.255254
5497.83.53.0/2497.83.53.1 to 97.83.53.25497.83.53.255254
5597.83.54.0/2497.83.54.1 to 97.83.54.25497.83.54.255254
5697.83.55.0/2497.83.55.1 to 97.83.55.25497.83.55.255254
5797.83.56.0/2497.83.56.1 to 97.83.56.25497.83.56.255254
5897.83.57.0/2497.83.57.1 to 97.83.57.25497.83.57.255254
5997.83.58.0/2497.83.58.1 to 97.83.58.25497.83.58.255254
6097.83.59.0/2497.83.59.1 to 97.83.59.25497.83.59.255254
6197.83.60.0/2497.83.60.1 to 97.83.60.25497.83.60.255254
6297.83.61.0/2497.83.61.1 to 97.83.61.25497.83.61.255254
6397.83.62.0/2497.83.62.1 to 97.83.62.25497.83.62.255254
6497.83.63.0/2497.83.63.1 to 97.83.63.25497.83.63.255254
6597.83.64.0/2497.83.64.1 to 97.83.64.25497.83.64.255254
6697.83.65.0/2497.83.65.1 to 97.83.65.25497.83.65.255254
6797.83.66.0/2497.83.66.1 to 97.83.66.25497.83.66.255254
6897.83.67.0/2497.83.67.1 to 97.83.67.25497.83.67.255254
6997.83.68.0/2497.83.68.1 to 97.83.68.25497.83.68.255254
7097.83.69.0/2497.83.69.1 to 97.83.69.25497.83.69.255254
7197.83.70.0/2497.83.70.1 to 97.83.70.25497.83.70.255254
7297.83.71.0/2497.83.71.1 to 97.83.71.25497.83.71.255254
7397.83.72.0/2497.83.72.1 to 97.83.72.25497.83.72.255254
7497.83.73.0/2497.83.73.1 to 97.83.73.25497.83.73.255254
7597.83.74.0/2497.83.74.1 to 97.83.74.25497.83.74.255254
7697.83.75.0/2497.83.75.1 to 97.83.75.25497.83.75.255254
7797.83.76.0/2497.83.76.1 to 97.83.76.25497.83.76.255254
7897.83.77.0/2497.83.77.1 to 97.83.77.25497.83.77.255254
7997.83.78.0/2497.83.78.1 to 97.83.78.25497.83.78.255254
8097.83.79.0/2497.83.79.1 to 97.83.79.25497.83.79.255254
8197.83.80.0/2497.83.80.1 to 97.83.80.25497.83.80.255254
8297.83.81.0/2497.83.81.1 to 97.83.81.25497.83.81.255254
8397.83.82.0/2497.83.82.1 to 97.83.82.25497.83.82.255254
8497.83.83.0/2497.83.83.1 to 97.83.83.25497.83.83.255254
8597.83.84.0/2497.83.84.1 to 97.83.84.25497.83.84.255254
8697.83.85.0/2497.83.85.1 to 97.83.85.25497.83.85.255254
8797.83.86.0/2497.83.86.1 to 97.83.86.25497.83.86.255254
8897.83.87.0/2497.83.87.1 to 97.83.87.25497.83.87.255254
8997.83.88.0/2497.83.88.1 to 97.83.88.25497.83.88.255254
9097.83.89.0/2497.83.89.1 to 97.83.89.25497.83.89.255254
9197.83.90.0/2497.83.90.1 to 97.83.90.25497.83.90.255254
9297.83.91.0/2497.83.91.1 to 97.83.91.25497.83.91.255254
9397.83.92.0/2497.83.92.1 to 97.83.92.25497.83.92.255254
9497.83.93.0/2497.83.93.1 to 97.83.93.25497.83.93.255254
9597.83.94.0/2497.83.94.1 to 97.83.94.25497.83.94.255254
9697.83.95.0/2497.83.95.1 to 97.83.95.25497.83.95.255254
9797.83.96.0/2497.83.96.1 to 97.83.96.25497.83.96.255254
9897.83.97.0/2497.83.97.1 to 97.83.97.25497.83.97.255254
9997.83.98.0/2497.83.98.1 to 97.83.98.25497.83.98.255254
10097.83.99.0/2497.83.99.1 to 97.83.99.25497.83.99.255254
10197.83.100.0/2497.83.100.1 to 97.83.100.25497.83.100.255254
10297.83.101.0/2497.83.101.1 to 97.83.101.25497.83.101.255254
10397.83.102.0/2497.83.102.1 to 97.83.102.25497.83.102.255254
10497.83.103.0/2497.83.103.1 to 97.83.103.25497.83.103.255254
10597.83.104.0/2497.83.104.1 to 97.83.104.25497.83.104.255254
10697.83.105.0/2497.83.105.1 to 97.83.105.25497.83.105.255254
10797.83.106.0/2497.83.106.1 to 97.83.106.25497.83.106.255254
10897.83.107.0/2497.83.107.1 to 97.83.107.25497.83.107.255254
10997.83.108.0/2497.83.108.1 to 97.83.108.25497.83.108.255254
11097.83.109.0/2497.83.109.1 to 97.83.109.25497.83.109.255254
11197.83.110.0/2497.83.110.1 to 97.83.110.25497.83.110.255254
11297.83.111.0/2497.83.111.1 to 97.83.111.25497.83.111.255254
11397.83.112.0/2497.83.112.1 to 97.83.112.25497.83.112.255254
11497.83.113.0/2497.83.113.1 to 97.83.113.25497.83.113.255254
11597.83.114.0/2497.83.114.1 to 97.83.114.25497.83.114.255254
11697.83.115.0/2497.83.115.1 to 97.83.115.25497.83.115.255254
11797.83.116.0/2497.83.116.1 to 97.83.116.25497.83.116.255254
11897.83.117.0/2497.83.117.1 to 97.83.117.25497.83.117.255254
11997.83.118.0/2497.83.118.1 to 97.83.118.25497.83.118.255254
12097.83.119.0/2497.83.119.1 to 97.83.119.25497.83.119.255254
12197.83.120.0/2497.83.120.1 to 97.83.120.25497.83.120.255254
12297.83.121.0/2497.83.121.1 to 97.83.121.25497.83.121.255254
12397.83.122.0/2497.83.122.1 to 97.83.122.25497.83.122.255254
12497.83.123.0/2497.83.123.1 to 97.83.123.25497.83.123.255254
12597.83.124.0/2497.83.124.1 to 97.83.124.25497.83.124.255254
12697.83.125.0/2497.83.125.1 to 97.83.125.25497.83.125.255254
12797.83.126.0/2497.83.126.1 to 97.83.126.25497.83.126.255254
12897.83.127.0/2497.83.127.1 to 97.83.127.25497.83.127.255254

IPv4 CIDR reference (/0 to /32)

IPv4 prefix lengths
PrefixSubnet maskWildcardAddressesUsable hostsSizeTypical use
/00.0.0.0255.255.255.2554,294,967,2964,294,967,29416,777,216 × /24
/1128.0.0.0127.255.255.2552,147,483,6482,147,483,6468,388,608 × /24
/2192.0.0.063.255.255.2551,073,741,8241,073,741,8224,194,304 × /24
/3224.0.0.031.255.255.255536,870,912536,870,9102,097,152 × /24
/4240.0.0.015.255.255.255268,435,456268,435,4541,048,576 × /24
/5248.0.0.07.255.255.255134,217,728134,217,726524,288 × /24
/6252.0.0.03.255.255.25567,108,86467,108,862262,144 × /24
/7254.0.0.01.255.255.25533,554,43233,554,430131,072 × /24
/8255.0.0.00.255.255.25516,777,21616,777,21465,536 × /24Old class A; 10.0.0.0/8
/9255.128.0.00.127.255.2558,388,6088,388,60632,768 × /24
/10255.192.0.00.63.255.2554,194,3044,194,30216,384 × /24
/11255.224.0.00.31.255.2552,097,1522,097,1508,192 × /24
/12255.240.0.00.15.255.2551,048,5761,048,5744,096 × /24172.16.0.0/12
/13255.248.0.00.7.255.255524,288524,2862,048 × /24
/14255.252.0.00.3.255.255262,144262,1421,024 × /24
/15255.254.0.00.1.255.255131,072131,070512 × /24
/16255.255.0.00.0.255.25565,53665,534256 × /24Old class B; 192.168.0.0/16
/17255.255.128.00.0.127.25532,76832,766128 × /24
/18255.255.192.00.0.63.25516,38416,38264 × /24
/19255.255.224.00.0.31.2558,1928,19032 × /24
/20255.255.240.00.0.15.2554,0964,09416 × /24
/21255.255.248.00.0.7.2552,0482,0468 × /24
/22255.255.252.00.0.3.2551,0241,0224 × /24Large office or guest Wi-Fi (1,022 hosts)
/23255.255.254.00.0.1.2555125102 × /24Larger office LAN (510 hosts)
/24255.255.255.00.0.0.2552562541 × /24Typical office LAN (old class C)
/25255.255.255.1280.0.0.1271281261/2 of a /24Smaller LAN or VLAN
/26255.255.255.1920.0.0.6364621/4 of a /24Smaller LAN or VLAN
/27255.255.255.2240.0.0.3132301/8 of a /24Small VLAN, phones, cameras
/28255.255.255.2400.0.0.1516141/16 of a /24Small VLAN, phones, cameras
/29255.255.255.2480.0.0.7861/32 of a /24Small fixed public block (5 usable)
/30255.255.255.2520.0.0.3421/64 of a /24Point-to-point (old style)
/31255.255.255.2540.0.0.1221/128 of a /24Point-to-point link (RFC 3021)
/32255.255.255.2550.0.0.0111/256 of a /24One host

IPv6 prefix reference

IPv6 prefix lengths
PrefixAddresses/64 LANs/48 sitesNibbleTypical use
/342,535,295,865,117,307,932,921,825,928,971,026,432 (2^125)2,305,843,009,213,693,95235,184,372,088,832NoAll global unicast (2000::/3)
/165,192,296,858,534,827,628,530,496,329,220,096 (2^112)281,474,976,710,6564,294,967,296Yes
/20324,518,553,658,426,726,783,156,020,576,256 (2^108)17,592,186,044,416268,435,456YesLarge provider allocation (RIPE minimum for some)
/29633,825,300,114,114,700,748,351,602,688 (2^99)34,359,738,368524,288NoRIPE allocation to a provider (often)
/3279,228,162,514,264,337,593,543,950,336 (2^96)4,294,967,29665,536YesProvider allocation (RIPE default)
/364,951,760,157,141,521,099,596,496,896 (2^92)268,435,4564,096Yes
/40309,485,009,821,345,068,724,781,056 (2^88)16,777,216256Yes
/4419,342,813,113,834,066,795,298,816 (2^84)1,048,57616Yes
/481,208,925,819,614,629,174,706,176 (2^80)65,5361YesOne site or organisation (RIPE PI / assignment)
/5275,557,863,725,914,323,419,136 (2^76)4,096Yes
/564,722,366,482,869,645,213,696 (2^72)256YesSmall site or home (common provider assignment)
/60295,147,905,179,352,825,856 (2^68)16YesSome home broadband (16 LANs)
/6418,446,744,073,709,551,616 (2^64)1YesOne LAN or VLAN (needed for SLAAC)
/7272,057,594,037,927,936 (2^56)1/256 of a /64Yes
/80281,474,976,710,656 (2^48)1/65,536 of a /64Yes
/964,294,967,2961/4,294,967,296 of a /64YesEmbeds an IPv4 address (NAT64)
/11265,5361/281,474,976,710,656 of a /64Yes
/1202561/72,057,594,037,927,936 of a /64Yes
/124161/1,152,921,504,606,846,976 of a /64Yes
/12641/4,611,686,018,427,387,904 of a /64No
/12721/9,223,372,036,854,775,808 of a /64NoPoint-to-point link (RFC 6164)
/12811/18,446,744,073,709,551,616 of a /64YesOne host or loopback

Private and special ranges

IPv4

Special-purpose ranges
RangeNameWhat it is
255.255.255.255/32Limited broadcastEvery host on the local network
0.0.0.0/8This networkNot routed; 0.0.0.0 means "any address" in settings
10.0.0.0/8Private (RFC 1918)Office and home networks; not routed on the internet
100.64.0.0/10Shared address space (CGNAT)Used by providers behind carrier-grade NAT (RFC 6598)
127.0.0.0/8LoopbackThis computer
169.254.0.0/16Link-local (APIPA)Self-assigned when no DHCP server answers
172.16.0.0/12Private (RFC 1918)Office and home networks; not routed on the internet
192.0.0.0/24IETF protocol assignmentsSpecial uses such as DS-Lite
192.0.2.0/24Documentation (TEST-NET-1)For examples; never used on a network
192.88.99.0/246to4 relay (deprecated)Formerly anycast for 6to4
192.168.0.0/16Private (RFC 1918)Office and home networks; not routed on the internet
198.18.0.0/15BenchmarkingNetwork equipment testing (RFC 2544)
198.51.100.0/24Documentation (TEST-NET-2)For examples; never used on a network
203.0.113.0/24Documentation (TEST-NET-3)For examples; never used on a network
224.0.0.0/4MulticastOne-to-many traffic, such as IPTV and routing protocols
240.0.0.0/4ReservedFuture use; not usable on most systems

IPv6

Special-purpose ranges
RangeNameWhat it is
::/128UnspecifiedNo address; :: means "any address" in settings
::1/128LoopbackThis computer
::ffff:0:0/96IPv4-mappedAn IPv4 address written as IPv6
64:ff9b::/96NAT64IPv4 addresses reached through a NAT64 gateway
100::/64Discard onlyTraffic sent here is dropped (RFC 6666)
2001:db8::/32DocumentationFor examples; never used on a network
2001::/32TeredoIPv6 tunnelled over IPv4 UDP
2002::/166to4IPv6 tunnelled over IPv4 (largely retired)
3fff::/20DocumentationFor examples (RFC 9637)
fc00::/7Unique local (ULA)Private IPv6, like RFC 1918; usually fd00::/8
fe80::/10Link-localEvery IPv6 interface has one; not routed
ff00::/8MulticastOne-to-many traffic; replaces broadcast
2000::/3Global unicastPublic internet addresses

About this tool

A network is written as an address and a prefix length, such as 192.168.1.0/24: the first 24 bits name the network and the rest number the devices on it. The calculator works out where the network starts and ends, how many devices it holds, its subnet and wildcard masks, and the reverse DNS zone to ask your provider for.

It also splits a network into equal smaller ones (one per VLAN or site), turns a range of addresses into the fewest CIDR blocks for a firewall rule, and lists every IPv4 prefix length and the common IPv6 ones in reference tables.

Common questions

Why are two addresses lost in every IPv4 subnet?

The first address names the network and the last is the broadcast address, so a /24 has 256 addresses but 254 for devices. A /31 (a link between two routers) and a /32 (one host) are the exceptions.

What size of IPv6 network should a LAN use?

Always /64. Devices pick their own address within it (SLAAC), which needs the full 64 bits. A site usually gets a /48 or /56 from its provider, which holds 65,536 or 256 LANs.

What is a wildcard mask?

The subnet mask turned inside out: 255.255.255.0 becomes 0.0.0.255. Cisco access lists and OSPF use it to say which bits must match.

Which ranges can I use inside an office?

IPv4: 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12 and 192.168.0.0/16. IPv6: unique local addresses from fd00::/8, though most networks use the public prefix from their provider.